社會企業本質、任務與發展

The Essence, Tasks and Development of Social Enterprise

10.30132/JER.200912.0001

胡哲生(Jer-San Hu)；陳志遠(Chih-Yuan Chen)；吳秉恩(Bing-Eng Wu)

社會企業 ； 非營利組織 ； 市場失靈 ； 社會創業 ； Social Enterprise ； Non-Profit Organization ； Market Dysfunction ； Social Entrepreneurship

創業管理研究

4卷4期（2009 / 12 / 01）

1 - 28

繁體中文

隨著經濟的蓬勃發展，社會中未被滿足的基本需求，因為就業障礙提高、財富分配兩極、產品供給高階高價化、資源過度耗用昂貴等現象而增加，市場經濟失靈現象日益嚴重，政府福利政策對快速變動的社會需求也力有未逮，加以非營利組織受限於資源的不穩定，乃寄望社會企業以企業手段達到社會服務目標；此一尚在形成發展中的新型態組織，其任務目標如何有別於企業與政府功能，才能彌補社會之不足，為本文主要探討主題；本文包括兩部份：前部分利用市場經濟行為，探討政府與企業失靈的本質，確認社會企業任務與挑戰，後部份則就目前有關創新與創業學術文獻，提供有關社會企業的實務發展與學術方向建議。

With the vigorous development of globalized economy and knowledge based economy, the unsatisfied social fundamental needs have surged due to rising barriers in employment, bipolarization of wealth distribution, over-designed and over-priced product supply, over exploitation of resources, resulting in the exacerbating of market economy dysfunction. Even the government endeavored to diminish the impact with various relief policies, it could hardly meet the swiftly changing social demand. In addition, as the resource for NPOs is often very unstable, it is therefore expected that social enterprises can serve its goal of social functions with the means of business skills. This paper intends to explore how this emerging type of organization can differ itself from those of government and enterprises in its mission to meet the unfulfilled social needs. This paper would like to address the issue in two parts: First, we will discuss, through the economic behaviors of supply and demand, the essences of market dysfunction when the government and enterprises meet social needs. Then, according to the causes of market dysfunction, we will confirm the operation missions of a social enterprise and offer some suggestions in academic inquiries for future development in theoretical basis.