题名

Z世代為什麼安靜離職？質性研究之初探

并列篇名

Why Generation Z is Quiet Quitting? A Preliminary Study of Qualitative Research

DOI

10.6587/JTHRE.202306_9(3_4).0001

作者

張巧柔(Chiao-Jou Chang)；陳怡靜(Mavis Yi-Ching Chen)

关键词

安靜離職 ； Ｚ世代 ； 躺平 ； 工作脫離 ； 工作價值觀

期刊名称

科技與人力教育季刊

卷期/出版年月

9卷3、4期（2023 / 06 / 01）

页次

1 - 32

内容语文

繁體中文;英文
中文摘要

隨著時代改變、Covid-19爆發，與人們價值觀轉變等背景影響下，工作模式與型態也隨之改變。2022年「安靜離職」概念興起，從美國乃至全世界，引起許多工作者的關注與共鳴。其中，「只做最低限度工作」的安靜離職尤其受到年輕族群的推崇，因此也出現安靜離職較易出現在Z世代群體的論點。本研究目的為探討Z世代工作價值觀，以及安靜離職的原因，透過半結構式訪談法，訪問7位Z世代正職工作者，並採用內容分析法解讀受訪者觀點。研究結果顯示，有半數受訪者曾有安靜離職經驗，他們認為經濟不景氣、思想轉變、網路普及等環境因素以及個體對於工作感受與想法之個人因素為促使安靜離職的原因，其中個人因素與Z世代之工作價值觀有密切關聯性，他們重視自我實現、個人成長、合理報酬與組織氣氛。此外，受訪者普遍抱持中立態度看待此議題，他們認為安靜離職是在這個時代下無可避免的情況。
主题分类 社會科學 > 教育學
社會科學 > 經濟學
社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 王文科,王智弘(2010)。質的研究的信度和效度。彰化師大教育學報，17，29-50。
    連結：
  2. 阮光勛(2014)。促進質性研究的品質與可信性。國教新知，61(1)，92-102。
    連結：
  3. 林金定,嚴嘉楓,陳美花(2005)。質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究季刊，3(2)，122-136。
    連結：
  4. 林惠彥,陸洛(2012)。工作價值之群體差異─全台代表性樣本分析。台灣管理學刊，12(1)，99-116。
    連結：
  5. 你也「安靜離職」了嗎？企業觀察 3 成員工已在「工作中」離職（2022 年 10 月 25 日）。104 職場力。 https://blog.104.com.tw/104data-quiet-quitting/
  6. 1 in 4 of workers are ‘quiet quitting,’ saying no to hustle culture. (2022, October 3). Resume Builder. https://www.resumebuilder.com/1-in-4-of-workers-quiet-quitting-saying-no-to-hustle-culture/
  7. What Is Employee Engagement and How Do You Improve It? (n.d.). Gallup. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/285674/improve-employee-engagement-workplace.aspx
  8. 員工缺乏工作動機？主管可以從員工生涯發展計劃著手改變（2021 年 8 月 25 日）。鉅微管理顧問公司。https://www.ffceap.com.tw/what-can-leaders-do-to-drive-employee-career-development/
  9. 104 職場力小編（2022 年 10 月 26 日）。「安靜離職」是什麼？團隊出現這種心態時該如何應對？ 104 職場力。 https://blog.104.com.tw/what-is-quiet-quitting/
  10. Afrahi, B.,Blenkinsopp, J.,de Arroyabe, J. C. F.,Karim, M. S.(2021).Work disengagement: A review of the literature.Human Resource Management Review,32(2)
  11. Agarwal, H.,Vaghela, P.(2018).Work values of Gen Z: Bridging the gap to the next generation.INC 2018,Gujarat, India:
  12. Ahmed, N. (2022, August 16). Quiet quitting: why doing less at work could be good for you–and your employer. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/quiet-quitting-why-doing-less-at-work-could-be-good-for-you-and-your-employer-188617
  13. Al-Asfour, A.,Lettau, L.(2014).Strategies for leadership styles for multi-generational workforce.Journal of Leader-ship, Accountability, and Ethics,11(2)
  14. Angela, R. (2022, October 30). Quiet Quitting: How to Prevent & Combat it at Work. teambuilding.com. https://teambuilding.com/blog/quiet-quitting
  15. Anice H.（2023 年 2 月 2 日）。安靜辭職並非員工怠惰！3 招輕鬆搞定部屬的工作倦怠。科技報橘。https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2023/02/02/preventing-quiet-quitting/
  16. Aslam, U.,Muqadas, F.,Imran, M. K.,Rahman, U. U.(2018).Investigating the antecedents of work disengagement in the workplace.Journal of Management Development,37(2)
  17. Aydin, E.,Azizoğlu, Ö.(2022).A new term for an existing concept: Quiet Quitting-A self-determination perspective.ICCDSS 2022,Balıkesir, Turkey:
  18. Azeem, M. U.,Bajwa, S. U.,Shahzad, K.,Aslam, H.(2020).Psychological contract violation and turnover intention: The role of job dissatisfaction and work disengagement.Employee Relations: The International Journal,42(6)
  19. Bakker, A. B.,Demerouti, E.(2017).Job demands–resources theory: taking stock and looking forward.J. Occup Health Psychol,22,273-285.
  20. Barhate, B.,Dirani, K. M.(2022).Career aspirations of generation Z: a systematic literature review.European Journal of Training and Development,46(1/2),139-157.
  21. Bascha. (2011, September 19). Z: The open source generation. http://opensource.com/business/11/9/z-open-source-generation
  22. Berelson, B.(1952).Content analysis in communication research.Free press.
  23. Budiman, Y.,Tan, P. H. P.(2022).The Influence of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment Towards Turnover Intention for Millennials and Generation Z Employees in Internet Companies in Indonesia.Jurnal Mantik,5(4),2438-2443.
  24. Budiono, D. S.(2016).Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Pt. Kerta Rajasa Raya.Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Manajemen,16(1),29-43.
  25. Cheers 雜誌(2019)。「Z 世代」大量進入職場！獨家調查：95 後出生的工作者，比你想得更務實更努力？。Cheers 雜誌
  26. Chillakuri, B.(2020).Understanding Generation Z expectations for effective onboarding.Journal of Organizational Change Management,33(7),1277-1296.
  27. Christian（2022 年 9 月 23 日）。西方職場流行「躺平文化」、「安靜辭職」並非新鮮事物。BBC News 中文。 https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/business-62823121
  28. Crabtree, W.L.(Ed.),Miller, B.F.(Ed.)(1992).Doing Qualitative Research.Newbury Park CA:Sage.
  29. Davidovic（2022 年 2 月 16 日）。躺平一族：為什麼一些中國年輕人不再推崇努力工作。BBC News 中文。 https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-60400246
  30. Demerouti, E.,Bakker, A. B.,Nachreiner, F.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2001).The job demands resources model of burnout.Journal of Applied psychology,86(3),499.
  31. Denzin, N.(1970).Strategies of multiple triangulation.The research act in sociology: A theoretical introduction to sociological method,297(1970),313.
  32. Edmunds, J.,Turner, B. S.(2005).Global generations: social change in the twentieth century.The British journal of sociology,56(4),559-577.
  33. Ellis, L., & Yang, A. (2022, August 12). If Your Co-Workers Are ‘Quiet Quitting,’ Here’s What That Means. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/if-your-gen-z-co-workers-are-quiet-quitting-heres-what-that-means-11660260608
  34. Fodor, M.,Jaeckel, K.(2018).What does it take to have a successful career through the eyes of generation Z-based on the results of a primary qualitative research.International Journal on Lifelong Education and Leadership,4(1),1-7.
  35. Fratrièová, J.,Kirchmayer, Z.(2018).Barriers to work motivation of generation Z.Journal of human resource management,21(2),28-39.
  36. Fred, D., & Elisabeth, G. (2023, February 16). Quiet Quitting: An Investigation Into the Reasons and Motivations Behind this Workplace Challenge: Part I. Hospitaltynet. https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4114987.html#void
  37. Fried, Y.,Ferris, G. R.(1987).The validity of the job characteristics model: A review andmeta-analysis.Personnel Psychology,40,287-322.
  38. Gabrielova, K.,Buchko, A. A.(2021).Here comes Generation Z: Millennials as managers.Business Horizons,64(4),489-499.
  39. Goh, E.,Lee, C.(2018).A workforce to be reckoned with: The emerging pivotal Generation Z hospitality workforce.International Journal of Hospitality Management,73,20-28.
  40. Goh, T. C. (2022, August 31). Is ‘quiet quitting’ a good idea? Here’s what workplace experts say.CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/30/is-quiet-quitting-a-good-idea-heres-what-workplace-experts-say.html
  41. Hamill, L. (2022). Can You Spot Burnout? Limeade. https://www.limeade.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/e-book_Can-You-Spot-Burnout.pdf
  42. Hardin, R. M.(2020).Northcentral University.
  43. Harter, J. (2022, September 6). Is Quiet Quitting Real? Gallup. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/398306/quiet-quitting-real.aspx
  44. Herzberg, F.,Mausner, B.,Snyderman, B. B.(1959).The motivation to work.New York:Wiley.
  45. Huang, Y. R.（2022 年 6 月 12 日）。對 Z 世代員工的 5 個觀察及 3 個管理建議。104 學習精靈。https://nabi.104.com.tw/posts/nabi_post_868520ba-0ac3-4ecb-9a2a-abd38d12c077
  46. Iorgulescu, M. C.(2016).Generation Z and its perception of work.Cross-Cultural Management Journal,18(1),47-54.
  47. Jack, Z.,Joseph, F.(2022).Quiet Quitting Is About Bad Bosses, Not Bad Employees.Harvard Business Review
  48. Jenna. B. (2022, December 21). How do managers address quiet quitting? Maddyness. https://www.maddyness.com/uk/2022/12/21/how-do-managers-address-quiet-quitting/
  49. Jo, C. (2022, October 28). Quiet Quitting Surges in Finance as It Gains Steam Across Sectors.Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-27/quiet-quitting-has-gotten-worse-in-almost-every-major-industry-in-2022?leadSource=uverify%20wall
  50. Kahn, W. A.(1990).Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work.Academy of Management Journal,33(4),692-724.
  51. Klotz, A. C.,Bolino, M. C.(2022).When Quiet Quitting Is Worse Than the Real Thing.Harvard Business Review
  52. Lee, C. C.,Aravamudhan, V.,Roback, T.,Lim, H. S.,Ruane, S. G.(2021).Factors impacting work engagement of Gen Z employees: A regression analysis.Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics,18(3),147-159.
  53. Lincoln, Y. S.,Guba, E.(1985).Naturalistic inquiry.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
  54. Mahand, T.,Caldwell, C.(2023).Quiet Quitting–Causes and Opportunities.Business and Management Research,12(1)
  55. McCrindle, M.(2006).New generations at work: Attracting, recruiting, retaining and training generation Y.The ABC of XYZ.
  56. Morgan, D.L. (2022, September 15). New SHRM Research: Is 'Quiet Quitting' Affecting Your Workplace. SHRM. https://www.shrm.org/about-shrm/press-room/press-releases/pages/new-shrm-research-is-quiet-quitting-affecting-your-workplace.aspx
  57. Nolan, B. (2022, September 11). Half of US workers have 'quiet quit' — and managers are to blame, according to a new survey. Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/quiet-quitting-nothing-new-bad-managers-blame-study-disengaged-workers-2022-9
  58. Pandey, E. (2022, September 21). The staying power of quiet quitting. AXIOS. https://www.axios.com/2022/09/21/quiet-quitting-gen-z-work-jobs-minimum
  59. Parker, K., & Horowitz, J. M. (2022, March 9). Majority of workers who quit a job in 2021 cite low pay, no opportunities for advancement, feeling disrespected. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/03/09/majority-of-workers-who-quit-a-job-in2021-cite-low-pay-no-opportunities-for-advancement-feeling-disrespected/
  60. Sam, S. (n.d.). How to Prevent Quiet Quitting in Your Company. Go skills. https://www.goskills.com/Leadership-Management/Resources/quiet-quitting
  61. Schaufeli, W. B.,Bakker, A. B.,Salanova, M.(2006).The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study.Educational and psychological measurement,66(4),701-716.
  62. Schawbel, D. (2016, August 31). Meet the Next Wave of Workers Who Are Taking over Your Office.CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/31/after-millennials-comes-gen-z-meet-the-next-wave-of-workers-that-are-taking-over-your-office-commentary.html
  63. William J. Schroer. (2013). Generations X,Y, Z and the Others. Ccampeador. https://ccampeador.wordpress.com/2013/05/22/generations-xy-z-and-the-others-william-j-schroer/
  64. Scott, G. (2022, September 8). Quiet Quitting and Personality: Who Becomes a Quiet Quitter? Hogan. https://www.hoganassessments.com/blog/quiet-quitting-and-personality-who-becomes-a-quiet-quitter/
  65. Stokes, V. (2022, August 29). Is ‘Quiet Quitting’ Really Good for Your Health? What Experts Think. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/is-quiet-quitting-really-good-for-your-health-what-experts-think
  66. Sujansky, J.,Ferri-Reed, J.(2009).Keeping the Millennials: Why companies are losing billions in turnover to this generation-and what to do about it.John Wiley & Sons.
  67. Super, D. E.(1970).Manual for the Work Value Inventory.Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
  68. Tapper, J. (2022, August 6). Quiet quitting: why doing the bare minimum at work has gone global.The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/money/2022/aug/06/quiet-quitting-why-doing-the-bare-minimum-at-work-has-gone-global
  69. Thomas, D. R.(2006).A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data.American journal of evaluation,27(2),237-246.
  70. Universum(2017).Universum. (2017). Building leaders for the future. Stockholm, Sweden: Universum..
  71. Vanderkam, L. (2022). There’s better way to reclaim your time than ‘quiet quitting’. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/13/opinion/burnout-quiet-quitting.html
  72. Vaus, D.,Mcallister, I.(1991).Gender and work orientation: Values and satisfaction in Western Europe.Work and Occupations,18(1),72-93.
  73. Zaid, K. [zaidleppelin]. (2022, July 26). On quiet quitting [Video]. Tiktok. Retrieved from: https://www.tiktok.com/@zaidleppelin/video/7124414185282391342
  74. 王彩鶴(2022)。工作自主性與個人成就感喪失之關聯－以台灣呼吸治療師為例。呼吸治療，21(2)，100-101。
  75. 王雲東,呂傑華(2021).社會研究方法：量化與質性取向及其應用.揚智文化.
  76. 王韻(2008)。服飾產業的工作價值觀與工作滿意度對員工離職意願之探討—以 X、Y 世代為例。紡織綜合研究期刊，18(3)，64-71。
  77. 地球圖輯隊（2022 年 9 月 11 日）。可以少做就不多做！年輕世代掀起「安靜辭職」風潮，是真想躺平嗎？數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/71587/quiet-quitting-hustle-culture-burnout
  78. 吳永佳(2013)。我用八年級：不懂他、面對他、擁抱他。Cheers 雜誌
  79. 吳佩旻(2021)。Z 世代地雷在哪？5 大方向溝通無礙。Cheers 雜誌
  80. 吳鐵雄(1996)。行政院青年輔導委員會委託研究報告行政院青年輔導委員會委託研究報告,行政院青年輔導委員會。
  81. 林旻柔（2014 年 10 月 1 日）。社群時代 Y、Z 世代在想什麼？ GRi 草根影響力新視野。https://reurl.cc/33M470
  82. 林毓庭(2021)。東吳大學。
  83. 林瓊瀛（2016 年 12 月 16 日）。 成為「來了就不想走」的公司？歡迎來到 Work-Life 3.0 世代！ pwc 台灣。 https://www.cheers.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5079963
  84. 侯堂柱,黃俊彥(2006)。彈性工時、工作滿足與服務態度之關係研究－以台灣北部地區連鎖便利商店為例。德明學報，27，63-84。
  85. 姜宜均(2015)。明志科技大學。
  86. 胡立宗（2022 年 8 月 25 日）。2022 美國上班族最夯關鍵字！TikTok 掀「在職躺平」浪潮。Cheers 快樂工作。https://www.cheers.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5101134&page=2 5101134&page
  87. 高希均(2014)。主管必須懂的 80 後 90 後。《30》雜誌，特刊
  88. 梁巧恩（2022 年 9 月 19 日）。2025 年 Z 世代佔勞動人口約 27% 資深 HR︰離職率比 30 歲高。CTgoodjobs。 https://reurl.cc/QWaEep
  89. 梁定澎(1999)。資訊管理研究方法總論。資訊管理學報，04(1)，1-6。
  90. 莊彙翌（2022 年 10 月 10 日）。為什麽該留意「安靜離職」或「安靜解雇」的職場關係？專家：不論是哪一種，都比彼此攤牌更糟糕。Smart 自學網。https://smart.businessweekly.com.tw/Reading/IndepArticle.aspx?id=6008781
  91. 陳向明(2001).教師如何作質的研究.教育科學出版社.
  92. 陳建銘(2019)。25 歲以下「Z 世代」大軍進職場你真的懂他們嗎？。天下雜誌
  93. 陳詩欣(2022)。輔仁大學。
  94. 程文郁(2002)。中山大學。
  95. 程振明(2015)。南臺科技大學。
  96. 黃貝雯(2006)。政治大學。
  97. 黃品維(2022)。國立臺灣師範大學。
  98. 蔣龍煌(2010)。台灣神學院。
  99. 賴若函(2020)。愛當面溝通、多重挑戰用價值觀導向接軌 Z 世代。Cheers雜誌
  100. 賴若函（2021 年 5 月 31 日）。首度跨世代職場大調查！Z 世代最在意什麼？Cheers 雜誌。https://www.cheers.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5099579&page=4
  101. 藍于洺（2022 年 9 月 13 日）。工作新型態！躺平世代增加「安靜辭職」風潮興起。TVBS新聞網。 https://news.tvbs.com.tw/life/1905193
print cancel