古典詩文中的丁香名物考辨與意象探析

An Investigation of the Naming of Cloves and Its Poetry Image in Classic Poetry and Literatures

周明儀(Ming-Yi Chou)

丁香 ； 桃金孃科 ； 木犀科 ； 意象 ； Cloves ； Myrtaceae ； Oleaceae ； Image

創思學刊

34期（2015 / 10 / 01）

65 - 82

繁體中文

古籍中所稱的「丁香」，包含兩種植物，一種是供香料或藥用為主的桃金孃常綠喬木，一種是以觀賞為主的木犀科落葉灌木或小喬木，然而在植物未能以科學客觀分類的古籍論述中，兩種丁香常被混為一談。桃金孃科的丁香，花苞及果實可供香料及藥用，本非中國物產，漢代已見應用，詩文中所見記載或題詠多著眼於其物用功能。原產於中國的觀賞性木犀科丁香則是古典詩文中常見的意象，文人雅士常用為寄託情感的載體，因生長特質與外型特徵之故，自幽香素雅逐漸演繹為女性形象的代表、情結同心的想望以及愁思鬱結的象徵。

＂Cloves＂ as described in ancient literature includes two types of plants. The first is a Myrtaceae perennial deciduous tree used as a spice, and the other is an Oleaceae deciduous shrub or small tree primarily grown for aesthetic enjoyment. However, in ancient discourse that did not objectively classify plants scientifically, these two types of cloves were often confused. Cloves of the Myrtaceae family has flower buds and fruits that can be used as spices or medicine, which were not originally from China , but saw application as early as the Han Dynasty. Poetry often focused on its object functions. The Oleaceae clove for aesthetic purposes originated in China, and was frequently described in ancient poetry. Literati often used it as a vehicle for their emotions. Due to its physical characteristics and features, its elegant fragrance gradually became a representation of the feminine image, desires of emotional love, and a symbol for troubled thoughts.