量子計算機：基本原理，潛力及核磁共振實現方案

Quantum Computers： Principle， Potential and NMR Implementation

10.6623/chem.2002052

丁尚武(Shangwu Ding)；陳正隆(Cheng-Lung Chen)；葉朝輝(Chaohui Ye)

化學

60卷3期（2002 / 09 / 01）

a47 - a60

繁體中文

量子資訊學是最近幾年建立並正在飛速發展的新興學科。它的完善可能導致資訊科學的一場新革命。本文介紹此學門裡最重要的分支─量子計算機的基本原理，並以著名的Shor 算法及Grover 算法為例舉證量子計算機的強大潛力再總結目前正在探索的各種實驗方案。由於核磁共振方案目前是最有力的，故本文將較詳細地介紹用核磁共振(NMR)實現量子計算的進展。

Quantum Information is a new discipline of science which was established only a number of years ago and is developing rapidly. The maturity of this discipline is believed to make a new revolution in information science. In this article， the basic principle of quantum computers， the most important branch of quantum information science， is introduced. The potential of quantum computers is exemplified with Shor's and Grover's algorithms， the most famous two among a number of quantum algorithms hitherto published. Various proposals for the experimental implementation of quantum computing are also reviewed with NMR proposal as a focus because it has been the most successful in terms of the number of qubits.