從語料庫的互見訊息值探究詞的語意和句法關係－以「夠」為例

Exploring the Semantic and Syntactic Relationships of Words from Their Mutual Information Values in a Corpus: Taking "Gou" as an Example

林逸欣(Yi- Hsin Lin)

互見訊息值 ； 語料庫為本 ； 夠 ； 華語文教學 ； mutual information value ； corpus ； Gou ； Teaching Chinese as a Second Language

南台人文社會學報

29期（2024 / 05 / 01）

149 - 188

繁體中文;英文

透過語料庫能客觀且全面地觀察語言現象。語料庫中的互見訊息值（Mutual Information，簡稱MI值）常用來觀察漢語近義詞的比較，能觀察查詢的關鍵詞及其共現的搭配詞。本研究透過中央研究院漢語平衡語料庫的MI值統計表觀察「夠」，及其共現的搭配詞「夠＋形容詞」、「夠＋動詞」、「夠＋名詞」以及「夠＋助詞」的分佈資料。同時使用張麗麗、陳克建、黃居仁（2000）動詞詞彙語意分析的辦法，從意義、語法功能、搭配情形來觀察「夠」的語意和句法關係，歸納其語言規律。研究結果歸納出「夠」的語意為主觀地表達說話人最低的標準（數量、程度），在句中的功能主要作謂語，常和「不」搭配使用。「夠＋形容詞」裡的形容詞無論帶有積極意義的或消極意義的都可以帶入這個形式。從「夠＋動詞」發現一特殊句式「受事／工具／範圍＋（不）夠＋（施事格）＋雙賓及物動詞＋（補語）」。「夠＋名詞」和其他短語的相似性最低，其組合而成的名詞短語各代表不同的意義，建議在教學時分項論述。最後從「夠＋助詞」觀察到「夠了」詞彙化的過程。

Through a corpus, we can observe language phenomena and commonly used collocations objectively and comprehensively. This study used the MI value statistics of the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese to investigate the distribution of "Gou + adjective," "Gou + verb," "Gou + noun" and "Gou + particle". In addition we employed a lexical-semantic analysis of Mandarin Chinese verbs (Chang, L., Chen, K. & Huang, C. 2000) as our model. We examined the meanings and syntactic relationships of Gou from its meanings, grammatical functions, and collocations to form a general principle. The results of the study summed up the semantics of Gou, which subjectively expresses the lowest standard (such as quantity, degree) of the speaker. The function of Gou in the sentence is mainly as a predicate, and it is often used in conjunction with Bu. Adjectives in "Gou + adjective" can have either a positive or negative connotation. From "Gou + verb," we identified a unique sentence structure: "theme / instrument / range + (Bu) Gou + (agent) + double object transitive verb + (complement)". "Gou + noun" has the least similarity with other phrases, with each combined phrase representing a different meaning. It is recommended that "Gou + noun" combinations be itemized when teaching. Finally, from analysis of the "Gou + particle" structure, we observed the lexicalization process of "Gou le".