英文摘要
|
In the laws of the Qin dynasty, we can see a system of rewards and punishments related to property like "Redemption Punishment" 贖刑, "Imposition Punishment" 貲刑, "Gold Reward" 購金 and "Coin Reward" 購錢. Of these, "Redemption Punishment", "Imposition Punishment" and "Gold Reward" use gold as the accounting unit. This gives the impression that the Qin dynasty took gold as a primary currency, because there are several deficiencies within copper coins. Aside from being used as the accounting unit in the legal texts concerning punishment and reward, however, gold is nowhere to be found; it does not appear within the texts concerning financial and accounting regulations. Instead, copper coin appears in all the places where we would expect gold to be. That some of these copper coins resulted from exchanging gold at a certain rate is undeniable, but given these conditions, it would be hard to say that the Qin government used gold as a preferred medium of exchange. The amount of a "Coin Reward" could be based on two sources: the first is an exchange with gold, and the second is directly specified by the law text. The amounts imposed by these two sources are quite different for the same legal offense; this might indicate the Qin government was trying to intensify enforcement of its laws after unification. Moreover, the amounts involved in reward and punishment did not change in the early Han dynasty even after dramatic changes in the currency system. This might be the result of the Han government nominally continuing its support of copper coins (ban liang Qian). Such phenomena primarily demonstrate the important status of copper coins in actual legal practice; gold had a more nominal existence in law. However, this article does not dispute the circulation of gold in the Qin and Han period, but it appears that the quantity of gold and the frequency of its circulation were not nearly so high as has been imagined. This might give us an entry point to explain the important issue of excess gold in the Han dynasty.
|
参考文献
|
-
陳彥良(2008)。江陵鳳凰山稱錢衡與格雷欣法則。人文及社會科學集刊,20(2),205-241。
連結:
-
(西漢)司馬遷(1982).史記.北京:中華書局.
-
(東漢)班固(1962).漢書.北京:中華書局.
-
(東漢)許慎,(清)段玉裁(注)(1981).說文解字.上海:上海古籍出版社.
-
(清)顧炎武(1990).日知錄.石家庄:花山文藝出版社.
-
《中國錢幣大辭典》編纂委員會(編)(1998).中國錢幣大辭典.北京:中華書局.
-
于振波(2010)。秦律中的甲盾比價及相關問題。史學集刊,2010(6),36-38。
-
中國文物研究所(編)(2001).龍崗秦簡.北京:中華書局.
-
水間大輔(2007).秦漢刑法研究.東京:知泉書館.
-
石洋(2015)。譾論古代財產刑處罰方式的演變:以戰國後期至漢初為中心。中國文化研究所學報,61,1-26。
-
任仲爀(2012)。秦漢律的贖刑。簡帛研究二○一○,桂林:
-
任仲爀(2008)。秦漢律的罰金刑。湖南大學學報(社會科學版),22(3),26-31。
-
朱紅林(2012)。里耶秦簡債務文書研究。古代文明,6(3),44-50。
-
朱漢民(編),陳松長(編)(2013).嶽麓書院藏秦簡(參).上海:上海辭書出版社.
-
吳佩芸(2015)。臺中,國立中興大學歷史學系。
-
呂名中(1982)。秦律貲罰述論。中南民族學院學報,1982(3),50-55。
-
宋敘五(2002).西漢貨幣史.香港:中文大學出版社.
-
李俊方(2009)。漢晉財產刑的傳承與變遷。江西社會科學,2009(5),147-151。
-
李超(2010)。秦代「貲刑」小議。秦漢研究(第四輯),西安:
-
杜勁松(2003)。關於西漢多黃金原因的研究。中國史研究,2003(4),57-70。
-
角谷常子,陳青(譯),胡平生(譯)(2001)。秦漢時代的贖刑。簡帛研究二○○一,桂林:
-
辛德勇(2018)。所謂「馬蹄金」的名稱與戰國秦漢間金幣形制的演變。文史,2018(3),21-60。
-
邢義田(2011).地不愛寶:漢代的簡牘.北京:中華書局.
-
周海鋒(2016)。長沙,湖南大學。
-
林益德(2006)。漢初的「行金」與「行錢」。中興史學,12,1-33。
-
林劍鳴(1981).秦史稿.上海:上海人民出版社.
-
柿沼陽平(2011)。戰國秦漢時期的物價和貨幣經濟的基本結構。古代文明,5(2),70-82。
-
胡珠生(1957)。論漢金非銅及其減退原因。文史哲,1957(12),40-48。
-
栗勁(1985).秦律通論.濟南:山東人民出版社.
-
秦暉(1993)。漢「金」新論。歷史研究,1993(5),17-31。
-
馬怡(2013)。秦簡所見貲錢與贖錢──以里耶秦簡「陽陵卒」文書為中心。簡帛第八輯,上海:
-
高敏(2002).雲夢秦簡初探.鄭州:河南人民出版社.
-
高葉青(2004)。漢代的贖金與罰刑。南都學壇,2004(6),1-13。
-
張衛星(2004)。秦簡貲甲形態認識。秦文化論叢(第十一輯),西安:
-
曹旅寧(2002).秦律新探.北京:中國社會科學出版社.
-
陳松長(2014).嶽麓書院藏秦簡的整理與研究.上海:中西書局.
-
陳松長(2014)。《嶽麓簡(三)》「癸、瑣相移謀購案」相關問題瑣議。華東政法大學學報,2014(2),12-18。
-
陳松長(編)(2011).嶽麓書院藏秦簡(貳).上海:上海辭書出版社.
-
陳松長(編)(2015).嶽麓書院藏秦簡(肆).上海:上海辭書出版社.
-
陳松長(編)(2017).嶽麓書院藏秦簡(伍).上海:上海辭書出版社.
-
陳彥良(2004)。先秦黃金與國際貨幣系統的形成:黃金的使用與先秦國際市場。新史學,15(4),1-40。
-
陳偉(編)(2012).里耶秦簡牘校釋.第一卷.武漢:武漢大學出版社.
-
陳晶(2008)。長春,吉林大學。
-
傅筑夫(1988).中國經濟史論叢續集.北京:人民出版社.
-
傅榮珂(1992).睡虎地秦簡刑律研究.臺北:商鼎文化出版社.
-
勞榦(1976)。漢代黃金及銅錢的使用問題。勞榦學術論文集甲編,臺北:
-
富谷至,柴生芳(譯),朱恒曄(譯)(2006).秦漢刑罰制度研究.桂林:廣西師範大學出版社.
-
彭信威(1988).中國貨幣史.上海:上海人民出版社.
-
彭浩,〈關於《二年律令》「罰金」一詞注釋的補充說明〉,查閱日期:2019年3月8日,網址:http://www.bsm.org.cn/show_article.php?id=36。
-
湖南省文物考古研究所(編)(2017).里耶秦簡牘貳.北京:文物出版社.
-
黃今言(1981)。秦代租賦繇役制度初探。秦漢史論叢(第一輯),西安:
-
鄔文玲(2015)。試析秦始皇「於是急法,久者不赦」。中國古代法律文獻研究(第九輯),北京:
-
熊鐵基(1981)。試論秦代軍事制度。秦漢史論叢(第一輯),西安:
-
臧知非(2006)。貲刑變遷與秦漢政治轉折。文史哲,2006(4),65-72。
-
整理小組(編)(1990).睡虎地秦墓竹簡.北京:文物出版社.
-
整理小組(編)(2001).張家山漢墓竹簡﹝二四七號墓﹞.北京:文物出版社.
-
藤田高夫,楊振紅(譯)(2001)。秦漢罰金考。簡帛研究二○○一,桂林:
-
龔鵬九(1958)。西漢黃金問題的探討。歷史教學,1958(9),35-37。
|