日久何處是家鄉？布里斯本台灣移民的家鄉意義變遷

Where is my homeland? The changing homeland of Taiwanese immigrants in Brisbane, Australia

10.6394/JHSS.201207.0277

蔡珮(Pei Tsai)

世代差異 ； 台灣移民 ； 家鄉 ； 澳籍台裔 ； 離散 ； diaspora ； homeland ； intergenerational difference ； Taiwanese-Australian ； Taiwanese immigrant

人文社會學報

13期（2012 / 07 / 01）

277 - 332

繁體中文

本研究探討「家鄉」對澳洲布里斯本台灣移民而言，究竟所指為何？「家鄉」的意義在不同的世代有何不同？這樣的意義和族裔認同有何關聯？研究發現，的位受訪者的家鄉認同有五種類型：認為「台灣」是家鄉者最多，且以第一代移民為大宗；「澳洲」是家鄉者居次，以1.5代和2代移民為主；有雙重地域說法的「台灣是家鄉，澳洲是家」和「台灣和澳洲都是家鄉」都是1.5代移民；「中國大陸是家鄉」只有一位第一代移民如是說。「家鄉」意義從第一代與「母國」、「出生地」、「成長地」、「國家」、「親人所在地」緊緊扣連，在後裔於澳洲久居之後，意義逐漸變遷為「多重的地方」、「跨國的家鄉」，使得移民後裔的認同有了多元的變貌。後裔面對「從何處來」與「身在何處」兩者間的抉擇，逐漸選擇在澳洲的家人親情和經歷成長已習慣的澳洲生活作為「家鄉」的意義來源。年輕世代移民後裔在全球化的流動中受到澳洲的影響更深:從「家鄉」的變貌可以看出，他們已經在建構介於母國和移入國之間、甚至是偏向移入國的跨國經驗空間。研究同時發現移民家鄉認同和族群認同的關聯：不同的家鄉意義，提供著不同族裔認同的來源。「出生在大陸的中國人」與「中國大陸是我的家鄉」構連；「連字號澳洲人認同」與「澳洲人」認同較多者表達出「澳洲是我的家鄉」的連結；「多重地方家鄉（或家）」則與「雙重認同」扣連；然而，「台灣是我的家鄉」這個家鄉認同類目下的族群認同是比較分歧的。

This study explores the varied meanings of ＂homeland＂ for Taiwanese immigrants in Brisbane, Australia. How does the meaning of ＂homeland＂ change across generations of immigrants? What is the relationship between homeland orientation and ethnic identity? Five types of homeland visions emerge from the interview data with 65 participants. The most frequent type, Taiwan as homeland, appears in the responses of mostly the first generation. The second most frequent type, Australia as homeland, is primarily in the responses of the 1.5 generation and the 2nd generation immigrant. The third and fourth types, the double homelands, i.e., Australia is home＂, and ＂both Taiwan and Australia are my homeland＂, are responded exclusively by the 1.5 generation. Only one first generation considers mainland China as homeland. The vision of homeland, originally closely tied with ＂motherland＂, ＂birthplace＂, ＂place of growth＂, ＂nation＂, and ＂where their relatives are＂ for the first generation, has gradually transformed into ＂multiple homelands＂ and 'transnational homeland＂ for the later generations after living longer in Australia, transforming ethnic identity of immigrants into multiple variations. The later generation, facing the choice between ＂where I am from＂ and ＂where I am＂ as the definition of homeland, gradually chooses Australia, where they have families and relatives, where they have been raised, and whose life they have grown accustomed to, as the source for their homeland vision. Immigrants of the younger generation are more deeply influenced by Australia under experiences of globalization. The changing vision of homeland indicates that they have been constructing their own transnational space between mother country and receiving country (more receiving country than mother country). The study also found that the relation between homeland and ethnic identity, indicating that different homeland visions provide sources for constructing different ethnic identities. ＂I am Chinese (born in Mainland China)＂ leads to ＂Mainland China is my homeland.＂ ＂Australian-Taiwanese＂ and ＂Australian＂ are associated with ＂Australia is my homeland.＂ ＂Multiple homelands＂ is associated with ＂Dual identities.＂ However, there is a greater variability of ethnic identity within the homeland identity category ＂Taiwan is my homeland.＂

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