〈齊物論〉解消「物之所同是」的寓言方法與「至人」研究

Fable Method to Resolve ＂How things are the same as this＂ in Discussion of the Equality of Things and the study of ＂Perfected Person＂

許詠晴(Yung-Ching Hsu)

〈齊物論〉 ； 至人 ； 寓言 ； 物之所同是 ； Discussion of the Equality of Things ； perfected person ； fable ； how things are the same as this

人文社會學報

18期（2018 / 07 / 01）

1 - 12

繁體中文

《莊子》中的語言使用晦澀難解，同時使用大量故事性的敘說。除字詞使用的複雜性，莊子對於語言更徹底地進行反省，並顯示出對於語言的不信任，造成詮釋文本時會遭遇許多困難。莊子擅長使用寓言說理，寓言中除一般敘事語言外，更包含大量比喻的語法。尤其是篇章性的寓言說理故事，在「以其所知，諭其所不知，而使人知之」（《說苑．善說》）。《莊子》不直言事理而藉寓言敘事並使用大量引譬連類的手法，因為寓言與比喻本身的解釋開放性，導致詮釋上可能因此開放性而出現誤讀。基於此，研究《莊子》時首先必須對於《莊子》一書的書寫方法進行反省。本文針對寓言及引譬連類的書寫方法與其詮釋方法進行研究，並檢視《莊子．齊物論》中幾個有關於解消「物之所同是」的寓言之說理手法，以及對至人的描述。

The language used in Zhuangzi is obscure and hard to understand while great amount of storytelling statements are applied. In addition to the complexity of used terms, Zhungzi thoroughly reflects upon language and reveals the distrust for it, resulting in the difficulties when it comes to text interpretation. Zhungzi is an expert in elaborating thoughts through fables. Besides common narrative language, a large number of grammatical metaphors are included in the fables. Particularly with section and chapter fables, in ＂We compare something a man does not know with something he does know in order to help him to understand it＂ (Shuo yuan．Shan shui), Zhungzi does not directly elaborate the reasoning but instead uses a lot of metaphors and comparisons in the fables. Due to the openness of explanation of fables and metaphors, it could lead to misreading. With this being said, as one studies Zhungzi, it is needed to reflect upon the way of writing of Zhungzi in the first place. This article aims to study the way of writing of the fables and metaphors and comparisons as well as the way of interpretation. Meanwhile, several reasoning methods about resolving the fable of ＂how things are the same as this＂ and the statements of perfected person in Zhungzi: Discussion of the Equality of Things are investigated.

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