亞當斯密與儒家思想

Adam Smith and Confucianism

薛琦(Chi Schive)

亞當斯密 ； 儒家思想 ； 國富論 ； 道德情操論 ； Adam Smith ； Confucianism ； Wealth of Nations ； Theory of Moral Sentiments

人文社會學報

18期（2018 / 07 / 01）

137 - 154

繁體中文

240年前亞當，斯密出版了一本曠世鉅作「國富論」。書中他討論到經濟長期成長與制度的關係時，很傳神地以中國作比喻，在談到稅率，貿易，金銀的幣值，價格在不同地區的差異時也都提到中國。但他的兩個重要思想，市場經濟中的自利心（self-interest）及其運作的基石—法律的公平與正義，也就是行為的妥適性（On the Propriety of Action）或道德，後者卻見於他更早完成的「道德情操論」。這兩本書，或其核心思想有沒有受到中國文化或儒家思想的影響，應該是個饒富思趣的課題。

Two hundred and forty years ago Adam Smith published his famous book ＂The Wealth of Nations＂. The book, when explored the long-term relationship between growth and institution, vividly referred to the Chinese history. In discussing tax, trade, the value of gold and silver, and why prices differed in different places, observations in China were mentioned. There are two important thoughts in his two books, respectively. When ＂self-interest＂ harmonizes the individual vs., public interest in the market, the fairness of law should not be violated, or ＂the propriety of action＂ be followed. The second thought was well presented at his first book ＂The Theory of Moral Sentiments＂. Whether these two pieces of work have ever been influenced by the Chinese culture or Confucianism should be of interest to explore.

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