談中國古籍裡的雨異現象

Unusual Precipitation in the Ancient Chinese History

徐勝一(Sheng-I Hsu)；陳國彥(Kuo-Yan Chen)；翁國盈(Kuo-Ying Wong)；丘逸民(Yat-Man Yau)

歷史氣候 ； 氣候變遷 ； 雨異 ； historical climatology ； climate change ； unusual precipitation

地理研究叢書 氣候與人文 歷史氣候、鄭和航海、客家文化

第46號（2016 / 03 / 01）

13 - 20

繁體中文

雨異是指除了正常的降雨、降雪、降雹外，天空有其他墜落物出現。這些怪雨包括兩土、雨石、雨沙、雨銀、雨金、雨魚、雨蟲、雨果、雨毛、雨絲、雨血、雨毅、雨泰等現象。中國古代文獻如二十五史、竹書紀年、資治通鑑、通志、通考、古今圖書集成曆象彙編庶微典等，載有豐富的天象、地象、及氣候災變資料。然因古代科技不發達，對於周遭所發生的環境異常現象，常歸咎人事制度不彰，乃致陰陽五行思想盛行，如「觀象玩占云：凡天下物，非人間所見者，皆大兵之兆也」，自然界異常現象給古代社會帶來甚大衝擊。

Unusual precipitation refers to any precipitating subject other than commonly observed raindrops, snowflakes, and hail. They include, but or not limited to, dust, sand, feather, silk, rice, grass, charcoal, fish, meat, bone, warm, gold, coin, bloody-rain, bloody-snow. A research project on the ＂Reconstruction of Climate Data from Ancient Chinese History＂ was proposed by this study group and is funded by the National Science Council. Excerpts of unusual precipitation records from an edited computer file are the bases for analysis and discussion in this article. Causes of most of these precipitating subjects may be interpreted through meteorological consequences; such as typhoons, tornados, and dust-storms. While some of the peculiar events such as precipitating meat, coins, gold, etc., still remain unknown and are reserved for further investigation.