另一個世界飲食的想像：府城普度祭品文化意涵初探

First Investigate About Ghost Festival's Culture and Symbol in Tainan City

10.6641/PICCFC.91012.2006.09.21

施晶琳(Ching-Lin Shih)；洪瑩發(Ying-Fa Hung)

普度 ； 祭品 ； 飲食文化 ； ghost festival ； religious activities ； dietary culture

中華飲食文化學術研討會論文集

第9屆（2006 / 08 / 01）

357 - 388

繁體中文

「普度」一個漢人社會常見的儀式行為，尤其是臺灣地區更是在許多的時機會舉行「普度」儀式，這個儀式除了包含了宗教與社會的意酒，也透過這樣的祭祀行為，展現「人」對於「另一個世界」飲食的想像，透過這樣的理解與想像建構出，其實再現出了「這個世界」的一些文化象徵，本文透過筆者在台南府城地區兩年的田野資料為底，初步探索府城人如何利用祭品的相關象徵。來建構對另一個世界飲食的想像，也初步建構府城人對於飲食的一些象徵。在普度的祭品，從一開始敬神的「三川」，到後面主要的普度桌、普度碗、佛祖山等祭品，都在表現出人對於「另一個世界」得尊重，也表現各種民俗知識，像常見的糕類食品、粽子等祭品作為祈求象徵，也會擺放上一些日常用品等物件，供好兄弟使用，另外也透過食物的一些形體象徵來做為祭品，如甘蔗變成扁擔，龍眼殼成為籮筐，都從各項祭品，去展現對於另一個飲食的想像。

The ＂Ghost Festival ＂ is a common ceremonial rituality in the Hans's society. Especially in Taiwan, most of time will hold ceremonial rituality. Besides the meaning of religion and society. ceremony also represent human ' s imagine to another world's dietary culture. Base on these interpret and imagine, human will reproduce another world's culture and symbol. Base 'on our field exp lore data in Tainan for two years, we will first explore Tainanese' s usage about religious activities to construct the imagine about another world and construct Tainanese' s basic diet symbol. The religious activities of ghost festival will represent human's respect. From the first of 三川 to respect for god until the main religious activities of ghost festival table, ghost festival bowl and Buddha mountain . Traditional food will represent folklore such as cake and a pyramid-shaped mass of glutinous rice wrapped in leaves. The articles for daily use will furnish to ghost. They will also use the symbol of food to represent as religious activities such as sugar cane will become shoulder pole, longan (龍眼) shell will become large basket and so on. In brief, they will represent their imagine to another world from every religious activities.