早產兒支氣管肺發育不全

10.6666/ClinMed.201809_82(3).0093

鄧兆霆；鄭玫枝

支氣管肺發育不完全(bronchopulmonary dysplsia, BPD) ； 慢性肺病(chronic lung disease) ； 早產兒

臨床醫學月刊

82卷3期（2018 / 09 / 28）

517 - 524

繁體中文

支氣管肺發育不全(bronchopulmonary dysplsia, BPD)，亦稱為早產兒慢性肺病(chronic lung disease)，是常見於早產兒的併發症之一。臨床症狀包括心搏過速、呼吸急促、費力呼吸和發紺等。因早產兒照護與呼吸治療的進步，BPD的致病機轉在這50年內已有改變，以1980年為界，以前致病原因主要為高呼吸器設定與高濃度氧氣引發肺損傷，稱為舊支氣管肺發育不全(old BPD)；之後呼吸治療進步，但仍因極度早產與其他因素導致肺的發育過程停滯，稱為新支氣管肺發育不全(new BPD)。治療可視病情嚴重度考慮限水、給氧、利尿劑、類固醇、支氣管擴張劑或必要之呼吸治療等。除了治療疾病本身，也需注意其長期可能產生的併發症，如肺動脈高壓(pulmonary artery hypertension)、全身性高血壓和神經系統發育異常等。

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