開放原始碼軟體應用於博物館之可能性－以博物館業務需求為中心之探討

Feasibility of Open Source Software Application in Museums: Study on the Operational Demands of Museums

10.6686/MuseQ.201204_26(2).0009

吳紹群(Shao-Chun Wu)

博物館 ； 開放原始碼軟體 ； 自由軟體 ； 合作 ； 風險 ； 資訊 ； Museum ； Open Source Software ； Free Software ； Collaboration ； Risk ； Information

博物館學季刊

26卷2期（2012 / 04 / 01）

157 - 173

繁體中文

近年來，開放原始碼軟體的使用日益普及，相形之下，博物館界對於開放原始碼軟體的應用，其發展步調尚不如其他領域快速。博物館由於經常面對經費不足、缺少資訊人力的情形，加上博物館業務具有高度的異質性，其資訊系統的開發常需要量身訂做；因此，開放原始碼軟體的免費、具彈性的優點，便成為博物館開發資訊系統時相當有吸引力的選擇。但是，博物館應用開放原始碼軟體，必須衡量其狀況和條件，方能避免使用開放原始碼軟體所可能帶來的風險。國外博物館社群目前已開始嘗試將開放原始碼軟體應用於博物館業務，但國內博物館界對於此方面之討論仍相當少見。因此，本文擬以博物館之特性為主軸，探討博物館應用開放原始碼軟體之可行性和風險。本文首先簡介開放原始碼軟體之發展，並討論博物館業務特性以及採用開放原始碼軟體所可能帶來的優點；其次，本文將探討國外博物館社群應用開放原始碼軟體之狀況，並依其特性將應用方向歸納為博物館資訊架構之應用、作為博物館完成特定工作之工具，以及由博物館主導之開放原始碼軟體開發專案等三種高低不同之應用層次；第三部分，本文將探討在博物館環境和現實經營條件下，採用開放原始碼軟體所可能面對的風險，包括技術面、維運面、法律面等三種層面的風險；最後則是綜合國外博物館應用開放原始碼軟體之軌跡、風險、博物館業務特性以及國內博物館經營環境等因素，提出博物館應用開放原始碼軟體之建議，並提出以合作或聯盟方式進行博物館開放原始碼軟體之開發或維運。

In recent years, there has been a rise in the popularity of Open Source Software. However, application of Open Source Software has lagged among museums. Due to insufficiency of funds, lack of IT specialists and high degree of heterogeneity in operations, museums require customization in the development of information systems. Therefore, free and flexible Open Source Software is an attractive option. However, museums must take stock of their situation to avoid potential risks associated with Open Source Software. Foreign museums have attempted to apply Open Source Software to their operations. However, in Taiwan, there has been little discussion on this issue. Therefore, this study aims to determine the feasibility and risks of Open Source Software application among Taiwan's museums. This paper first introduces the development of Open Source Software and discusses the characteristics of museum operation, proposing possible advantages to the use of Open Source Software. Next, it probes into Open Source Software application in foreign museums, especially in terms of museum information frameworks and tools for accomplishing specific tasks. The three levels of the museum-oriented Open Software project are also discussed. In addition, an attempt is made to identify the potential risks of Open Source Software related to technology, operation and legislation. Finally, based on the risks, characteristics of operation, and operating environment of museums in Taiwan, suggestions for Open Source Software application and the development or maintenance of Open Source Software through collaboration or alliance are proposed.

1. Pachyderm Service, 2011. Pachyderm Service: Multimedia Authoring for Peanuts. Retrieved October 15, 2010, from http://pachyderm.nmc.org/ .
2. Madrona, 2011. What is Madrona. Retrieved October 15, 2010, from http://Madrona.com/ .
3. Octaga Visual Solution, 2011. Octaga player: 3D viewer for interactive content. Retrieved December 11, 2010, from http://octagavs.com/softwarem/octaga-Player
4. 柯森、蕭志榥，2004。自由軟體與開放原始碼，http://opensource.nchc.org.tw（瀏覽日期：2010/12）。
5. Barrett, J.(2010).Museums and the Public Sphere.New York:Wiley-Blackwell.
6. Bonaccorsi, A.,Rossi, C.(2003).Why open source software can succeed.Research Policy,32,1243-1258.
7. Bucaw, G. E.(1997).Introduction to Museum Work.Walnut Creek, CA:Alta Mira Press.
8. Davidow, A.(2009).Fedora, drupal, and cloud computing for a low-cost, sustainable DAM.Museum and the Web 2009: Selected Papers,Toronto:
9. Din, H.(Ed.),Hecht, P.(Ed.)(2007).The Digital Museum: A Think Guide.Washington D. C.:AAM.
10. Goodman, C.,Schmitz, P.,Shppard, D.,Clark, C.(2010).Architecting collection space: A web-based collections management and information system for 21st century museum professionals.Museum and the Web 2010: Proceedings,Toronto:
11. Guarnieri, A.,Pirotti, F.,Vettore, A.(2010).Cultural heritage interactive 3D models on the web: An approach using open source and free software.Journal of Cultural Heritage,11,350-353.
12. Juarez, A.,Schonenberg, W.,Bartneck, C.(2010).Implementing a low-cost CAVE system using the CryEngine2.Entertainment Computing,1,157-164.
13. Kelly, B.,Ellis, M.,Gardler, R.(2008).What does openness mean to the museum community.Museum and the Web 2008: Selected Papers,Toronto:
14. Krogh, G.,Hippel, E.(2003).Special issue on open source software development.Research Policy,32,1149-1157.
15. Lahanier, C.,Aitken, G.,Shndo, J.,Pillay, R.,Martinez, K.,Lewis, P.(2002).EROS: An open source multilingual research system for image content retrieval dedicated to conservation-restoration exchange between cultural institutions.ICOM-CC: 13th Triennial Meeting,London:
16. Puckett, J.(2008).Open source software in museums.Library Student Journal,2008(October)
17. Spadaccini, J.(2008).Open source software: New possibilities for museums.Exhibitionist,27(2),68-72.
18. Styliani, S.,Fotis, S.,Kostas, K.,Petros, P.(2009).Virtual museum, a survey and some issue for consideration.Journal of Cultural Heritage,10,520-528.
19. Wayner, P.、蔡憶懷譯(2000)。開放原始碼。臺北:商周出版社。
20. West, J.(2003).How open is open enough? Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies..Research Policy,32,1259-1285.
21. Wilde, E.,Mann, L.(2010).Open source collaboration: New models for technology development in the museum community.Museum and the Web 2010: Proceedings,Toronto:
22. 王聖文(2008)。自由軟體在中小學校園之應用。生活科技教育月刊，41(6)，104-111。
23. 吳殷齊、陳怡蒨、黃心怡(2007)。釋放臺灣的社會力：公共領域、資訊取得與知識共享。圖書館學與資訊科學，33(1)，17-29。
24. 吳紹群(2010)。由CHIN's Criteria Checklist 探討館藏系統的開發與研究。博物館簡訊，54，34-36。
25. 陳怡玫(2005)。企業運用自由／開放原始碼軟體之策略初探。科技法律透析，17(11)，19-36。
26. 陳國寧(2003)。博物館學。臺北縣:空中大學。
27. 陳鍾誠、廖先志(2007)。開放原始碼運動的過去、現在與未來。金門技術學院學報，2，1-8。

1. 榮予恩,林巧敏(2023)。國立政治大學校史展示發展與數位策展工作紀實。圖資與檔案學刊，102，128-153。