倫敦、博物館、考古遺產－從倫敦博物館談區域考古資源中心的可行性

London, Museum and Archaeological Heritage: On the Feasibility of Regional Archaeological Resource Centre

10.6686/MuseQ.201204_26(2).0004

張光仁(Kuang-Jen Chang)

考古遺產 ； 公眾考古 ； 倫敦博物館 ； 區域考古資源中心 ； archaeological heritage ； Museum of London ； public archaeology ； contract archaeology ； regional centre for archaeological resources

博物館學季刊

26卷2期（2012 / 04 / 01）

49 - 63+65

繁體中文

在考古遺產保護相關立法與契約考古實務運作中，英國的整體原則是市場／資本主義式的，也就是強調回應開發建設與公眾參與的需求，但是國家機制與法令規範的相對薄弱或鬆散，往往難以確保考古工作品質的一貫性，而較為激烈的市場競爭也可能戕害考古工作者的權益，從而威脅工作品質。然而倫敦博物館及其附屬的考古服務中心，則在獨特的法令架構下，對大倫敦區的考古工作具有強力的管理機制，兼具國家／社會主義式的監管能力，強調考古工作品質的維護，從而成為調和兩種體系的區域考古資源中心。其多年來在考古學術研究上的成就，以及在公眾考古與博物館方面的成績，有目共睹。本文從英國的考古遺產保護相關立法規範，以及契約考古實務運作的現況討論起，進而說明倫敦博物館及其附屬考古服務中心的法律地位、組織架構與實務運作。最後建議一種以博物館為區域考古資源中心的可行性，做為臺灣進一步推展考古遺產保護的選項做法。

Among the many approaches to archaeological heritage protection that exist in European countries, the case of the UK is most like the market/capitalism model. This model responds positively to the needs of development and public participation. However, it is difficult to maintain a consistently high level of quality in archaeological work due to the lack of a strong state mechanism and regulatory environment. Moreover, severe market competition damages the welfare of those involved in archaeological work, as well as threatens the quality of this work. Under a specially-designed framework, the Museum of London and its archaeological centre possess a powerful mechanism for monitoring archaeological work in metropolitan London, which is similar to the national/socialist management model. Thus, it has become a regional centre for archaeological resources. The achievements of this museum and its archaeological centre have been well documented in archaeological research and public archaeological and museum fields. In this paper, the author first introduces the institutions and regulations regarding archaeological heritage protection in the UK. Then, the case of the Museum of London and its archaeological centre is discussed, including legal status, framework, and actual operation. Based on the Museum of London's experience, the author suggests using an existing museum to establish a regional centre of archaeological resources to carry out archaeological heritage protection in Taiwan.

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