大學博物館的比較研究－澳洲雪梨大學尼克遜博物館與香港中文大學文物館

A Comparative Study of University Museums: The Nicholson Museum of the University of Sydney and the Art Museum of the Chinese University of Hong Kong

10.6686/MuseQ.201601_30(1).0005

林嘉琪(Ka-Ki Lam)

大學博物館 ； 大學教育 ； 公眾教育 ； 互動社會關係 ； university museums ； university education ； public education ； dynamic social relations

博物館學季刊

30卷1期（2016 / 01 / 01）

95 - 113+115

繁體中文

本研究以人類學的研究方法，探討當代大學博物館的角色，其與所屬大學、學系及公眾的互動關係。澳洲雪梨大學的尼克遜博物館及香港中文大學文物館，均成立於英國殖民統治雪梨與香港的時期，分別受到一位主要贊助人捐資而成，以展示古代藝術及考古文物為主。作為高等教育資源中心，兩所大學博物館與所屬的大學之學系緊密合作，並成為大學的對外展示室，建立大學與公眾的關係。透過比較分析兩間大學博物館的組織架構，以及如何與大學學系和公眾建立互動關係，筆者認為大學博物館應充分發揮自身的研究、蒐藏及推動校內教育的優勢，積極與不同相關的學系合作，成為連繫大學校內各獨立學科的重要樞紐。本研究以筆者在大學博物館的田野考察、與博物館專業人員及參觀者的深入訪談等研究方法，採集第一手資料作分析。以往專門討論大學博物館的比較研究，特別是香港的博物館、並以中文發表的論文數量較少，故筆者希望透過論文豐富此學術領域，為審視大學博物館提供新的看法。

This study explored the roles of contemporary university museums and their dynamic social relations with their associated university, academic departments, and the general public through an anthropological approach. The Nicholson Museum of the University of Sydney and the Art Museum of the Chinese University of Hong Kong both exhibit ancient art objects and archaeological artifacts and were each established by an individual donor during the time of British colonial rule. As important higher education resource centers, these two university museums collaborate closely with academic departments and act as university showcases to construct dynamic relationships between the university and the public. From the results of comparative analyses of their organizational structures and ways of constructing relationships with academic departments and the public, university museums should utilize their research, collection, and intra-university education promotion advantages to actively collaborate with different academic departments and become important bonding units within the university. Firsthand valuable information was gained through the author’s extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews with professionals of university museums. Comparative studies of university museums, especially those of museums in Hong Kong and in the Chinese language, have been limited in number. Therefore, the aims of this study are to enrich this academic field and provide new insights into university museums.

1. Alexander, E.(1979).Museums in Motion: An Introduction to the History and Functions of Museums.Lanham:AltaMira Press.
2. Bourdieu, P.(1991).Language and Symbolic Power.Cambridge:Polity Press.
3. Boylan, P. J.(1999).Universities and museums: Past, present and future.Museum Management and Curatorship,18(1),43-56.
4. Bryman, A.(2001).Social Research Methods.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
5. Chan, L. P.(2013).Refusing to stand still, reaching out to the public: The Art Museum of the Chinese University of Hong Kong's current public outreach efforts and its possible future directions.University Museums and Collections Journal,6,17-24.
6. DeWalt, K.,Billie, D.(2002).Participant Observation: A Guide for Fieldworkers.Walnut Creek, CA:Altamira Press.
7. Ellis, D.(2003).Sydney University Museums Newsletter,1(1),1-8.
8. Ellis, D.(2009).The role of the university museum in community development.University Museums and Collections Journal,2,81-84.
9. Foucault, M.(1965).Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason.New York:Pantheon Books.
10. Hunter, M. C. W.(1995).Science and the Shape of Orthodoxy: Intellectual Change in Late Seventeen-century Britain.Woodbridge:The Boydell Press.
11. Lin, N.,Cook, K. S.,Burt, R. S.(2001).Social Capital: Theory and Research.New York:Aldine de Gruyter.
12. MacDonald, S.(Ed.)(2006).A Companion to Museum Studies.Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
13. Macdonald, S.(Ed.),Fyfe, G.(Ed.)(1996).Theorizing Museums: Representing Identity and Diversity in a Changing World.Cambridge, Mass.:Blackwell Publisher.
14. Macdonald, S.(Ed.),Fyfe, G.(Ed.)(1996).theorizing Museums: Representing Identity and Diversity in a Changing World.Cambridge, Mass.:Blackwell Publishers.
15. McManus, P. M.(Ed.)(2000).Archaeological Displays and thePublic: Museology and Interpretation.London:ArchetypePublications Ltd.
16. Moore, J. D.(2012).Visions of Culture: An Introduction to Anthropological Theories and Theorists.Lanham, Md.:AltaMira Press.
17. Organization for Co-operation and Development=OECD(Ed.)(2001).Managing University Museums: Education and Skills.Paris:Organization for Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publications.
18. Pearce, S. M.(1990).Archaeological Curatorship.Washington, D.C.:Smithsonian Institution Press.
19. Pink, S.(2007).Doing Visual Ethnography.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
20. Potts, D. T.,Sowada, K. N.(2004).Treasures of the Nicholson Museum.Sydney:The Nicholson Museum, The University of Sydney.
21. Riviere, P.(Ed.)(2007).A History of Oxford Anthropology.New York:Berghahn Books.
22. Spradley, J.(1980).Participant Observation.New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
23. Turner, M.(2012).50 Objects, 50 Stories: Extraordinary Curiosities from the Nicholson Museum, University of Sydney.Sydney:The University of Sydney.
24. Turner, M.(2010).Humble origins: Nicholson revealed.Sydney University Museum News: 150th Anniversary Issue,20,1-18.
25. 中國文化研究所(2015)。香港中文大學中國文化研究所。香港:中國文化研究所。
26. 周曉虹(2009)。人類學跨文化比較研究與方法。昆明:雲南大學出版社。
27. 林雪虹(2007)。文博新潮：藝術博物館的教育。香港:香港大學美術博物館。
28. 林業強編(2001)。三十年入藏文物選粹。香港:香港中文大學文物館。
29. 林業強編(2006)。學海藝遊廿五年。香港:香港中文大學文物館館友會。
30. 張譽騰(1996)。大學博物館的使命與功能。博物館學季刊，10(4)，17-22。
31. 陳方正(2000)。與中大一同成長：香港中文大學與中國文化研究所圖史1949-1997。香港:香港中文大學出版社。
32. 鄭宏泰、黃紹倫(2011)。一代煙王利希慎。香港:三聯書店（香港）有限公司。
33. 譚祥安編(2004)。從展館到教室：博物館與藝術教育。香港:香港教育學院藝術系。
34. 顧筱芳譯、利德芳(2011)。香港利氏家族史。香港:中文大學出版社。