在過去的時光中相遇－利物浦博物館高齡教育活動之研究

Meeting Them in the Past: A Case Study of Educational Programs for the Elderly at the Museum of Liverpool

10.6686/MuseQ.201701_31(1).0001

陳佳利(Chia-Li Chen)

博物館與高齡觀眾 ； 觸摸文物 ； 記憶之家 ； 失智症長者 ； 回憶與音樂 ； museum and the elderly ； touching objects ； House of Memories ； elderly living with dementia ； memories and music

博物館學季刊

31卷1期（2017 / 01 / 01）

5 - 25

繁體中文

近年來，隨著出生率下降，許多開發中國家已邁入高齡化社會，如何面對社會人口的快速變遷，豐富高齡者的休閒娛樂生活、促進活躍老化，這些議題已日益受到重視。在英國，博物館不但應用豐富的資源關懷高齡者，也進行跨專業的合作，提供醫護人員利用博物館資源照顧失智症長者之相關課程。博物館如何應用博物館展覽與蒐藏，為不同需求的高齡者規劃教育活動，並連結、觸動他們的記憶與經驗？針對失智症長者，博物館又如何與不同專業團體合作，來促進他們的身心健康？本研究透過訪談法與觀察法，分析利物浦博物館(Museum of Liverpool)如何規劃多元的高齡教育活動，促進高齡者的學習與回憶。研究發現利物浦博物館以城市史為脈絡，運用不同時代及材質的歷史文物和教具，如「回憶箱」(Memory Suitcases)、「當我年幼時」(When I Was Little)及「在博物館相遇」(Meet Me at the Museum)等活動，觸動高齡者的回憶，並鼓勵跨世代的回憶與傳承。而針對失智長者照護人員所進行的「記憶之家」(House of Memories)訓練課程，則以失智症患者的感受與經驗為中心，結合戲劇與博物館學，讓參與者學習如何應用博物館資源來促進年長者的身心健康與自尊。本文除了探討博物館如何應用多元感官觸動高齡觀眾的回憶之外，也將深入分析利物浦博物館推動相關工作之理念、過程與實踐，提供博物館未來規劃高齡者教育活動之參考。

In recent years, many developed countries have been faced with issues related to rapidly aging populations. How can we face these changes, enrich the lives of the elderly in terms of recreation and entertainment and promote an active lifestyle among the elderly? These issues have received increasing attention. In England, museums not only make use of their resources to relate to elderly audiences, but also cooperate with health care professionals to develop educational programs for elderly suffering from dementia. How can museums make use of exhibitions and collections to plan educational programs for elderly audiences with different needs that connect with and stimulate memories and experiences? How can the museum cooperate with professionals of different disciplines to enhance the well-being of those living with dementia? Interviews and observations were carried out to analyze how the Museum of Liverpool facilitates diverse educational programs for the elderly that stimulate learning and recollection. This museum uses and designs various activities based on different eras and historical objects, such as ＂Memory Suitcases＂, ＂When I Was Little＂ and ＂Meet Me at the Museum＂. These trigger the memories of elderly participants and encourage intergenerational memories and the passing on of those memories. The ＂House of Memories＂ training course for caregivers of elderly persons with dementia centers on the experiences and feelings of those living with dementia, and integrates theatre knowledge and skills and museum exhibits and collections to support them in building up the self-esteem and well-being of elderly persons in their care. Lastly, concepts and practices of the Museum of Liverpool are discussed to provide museums with practical suggestions for the planning of educational programs for elderly audiences.

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