博物館人權教育活動規劃策略與實踐方案－加拿大人權博物館個案研究

Strategies and Practices Related to Human Rights Education in Museums: A Case Study of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights

10.6686/MuseQ.201901_33(1).0001

陳佳利(Chia-Li Chen)

博物館人權教育 ； 學校團體人權教育活動 ； 人權教育策略 ； 人權展覽 ； 加拿大人權博物館 ； museums and human rights education ； human rights programs for school groups ； strategies for human rights education ； human rights exhibition ； Canadian Museum for Human Rights

博物館學季刊

33卷1期（2019 / 01 / 01）

5 - 23+25

繁體中文

博物館擁有豐富的文物及展品資源，透過展覽與教育活動的結合與規劃，將成為21世紀推動人權教育的重要場域。本研究以加拿大人權博物館為研究個案，訪談教育人員並進行展覽分析，發現該館並非為紀念特定歷史事件而設立，因此能以更宏觀的角度來呈現加拿大與國際人權議題，實踐人權教育。常設展以加拿大的人權發展及議題為主軸，搭配以歐洲為主的國際種族屠殺議題，並應用口述歷史及互動裝置，希望讓觀眾透過多元的視角，反思加拿大政府違反人權的歷史，並認識加拿大如何捍衛當代人權。在人權教育推動上，加拿大人權博物館透過策略的擬定，持續推動社會大眾、學校與專業團體之人權教育。在學校人權教育活動規劃上，該館搭配不同的展區主題，結合歷史事件與當代人權議題，設計分齡教育活動，讓兒童透過肢體互動、遊戲與口述影片，中學生以展覽探索、分組討論與辯論，將抽象理念具象化，並應用同理心和思辨精神來學習人權課題，內容涵蓋聯合國所建議之人權學習的主要指標與課題。更重要的是，教育活動的規劃尊重相關社群與教師的意見，並與學校課綱連結，讓中小學教師能透過博物館的展覽與教育活動來實施人權教學，有助於突破目前加拿大人權師資缺乏的困境，以上作法，值得臺灣的博物館未來參考借鏡。

Due to abundant artifacts and rich exhibition resources, combined with educational programs, museums have become important sites for human rights education in the 21st century. The Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR) serves as an example in this study. Research methods include case study, interviews and exhibition analyses to investigate the CMHR’s educational strategies and practices. This museum does not focus on specific historical events but, rather, provides a macroscopic view of human rights issues in Canada and other parts of the world. The permanent exhibitions feature oral histories and interactive displays on the development of human rights and human rights issues in Canada, with subthemes of global incidences of genocide, especially those in Europe. Visitors are encouraged to reflect on the violation of human rights by the Canadian government and its more recent efforts to protect them. The CMHR designs strategies and programs to promote human rights education among the general public, as well as to school and professional groups. Educational programs are made available to students of different ages based on exhibition themes and benchmarks and topics recommended by the United Nations. Such programs intregrate historic events and con-temporary human rights issues. Younger children explore human rights concepts through interactive exhibits, games and oral histories. High school students carry out group discussions or debates after visitng an exhibition area. In this way, the CMHR makes abstract concepts of human rights concrete and supports school teachers in supplementing the curriculum and overcoming the current lack of expertise in Canada. The results of this study provide an important reference for museums seeking to promote human rights education.

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