地方館小志工的心流經驗

Flow Experiences of Young Volunteers in a Regional Museum

10.6686/MuseQ.201910_33(4).0002

陳慧玲(Hui-Ling Chen)

博物館志工 ； 心流經驗 ； museums volunteer ； flow experience

博物館學季刊

33卷4期（2019 / 10 / 01）

31 - 61

繁體中文

博物館從兩百多年前設立以來，歷經以藏品、物件及人為重心，直到最近才開始對觀眾經驗感到好奇。Csikszentmihalyi和Hermanson（1999）認為當博物館的資訊能帶給人們歡樂及獎勵的時候，自然而然地人們將願意追求更深入的學習。雖然博物館教育人員關注心流經驗已久，但是很少探討人們在博物館中的心流經驗，更遑論進一步探究博物館志工的心流經驗。本研究的主要目的，在於探討小志工執行活動時的心流經驗，檢視其發展歷程並從中發現博物館教育人員可以提供的協助。本研究歷時1年4個月，以研究探討宜蘭縣自然史教育館10位學齡志工執行戲劇活動的心流歷程。研究發現：一、對於尋求心流經驗者持續的支持相當重要。二、只要願意面對挑戰、持續增加能力者皆能經歷心流。三、博物館可根據志工性格及能力調整挑戰的難易度。四、經歷最佳理想經驗之後能改變矛盾的狀態。五、新挑戰可引導再次進入心流，反之則易停滯在枯燥階段。六、博物館教育人員宜掌握志工渴望行動的時機，因為這是個人再度通往最佳理想經驗的契機，也是機構提昇服務品質的雙贏起點。本文探討小志工的心流經驗尚屬博物館界未進行探究的園地，希望透過此研究能更加瞭解志工在博物館中的學習經驗，不僅能讓志工與機構的關係更加緊密，期望未來還能運用心流以提昇個人或博物館的成長，這也是本論文嘗試揭露的意涵。

Over the past more than 200 years, museums have focused on collections, objects, and people. It was not until recently that they explored the audience experience. Csikszentmihalyi and Hermanson (1999) indicated that when complex information is presented in a way that is enjoyable - intrinsically rewarding - people will be motivated to pursue further learning. However, the flow experiences of people in museums have rarely been discussed, especially those of young volunteers. The objective of this study is to investigate the flow experiences of young volunteers in the implementation of activities in a regional museum, to examine the development process and determine the types of assistance museum educators should provide. This case study of the Yilan County Natural History Education Center was conducted over a period of more than one year with 10 volunteers. From the results: (1) Continuous support for those seeking flow experiences is essential. (2) As long as a young volunteer is willing to face challenges and continue to develop his/her abilities, he/she will have flow experiences. (3) Museum educators can adjust the difficulty of challenges according to the abilities of each volunteer. (4) After achieving the optimal experience, volunteers dramatically change their attitude. (5) New challenges can lead to continuing flow experiences and avoid stagnation. (6) Museum educators should grasp the opportunity when volunteers have a desire for action to assist them in moving toward the optimal experience and upgrading the museum's services. In this article, the flow experiences of young volunteers were explored, which is a rarely studied field of museology. It is hoped that the results will provide museum educators with a better understanding of the learning experiences of volunteers and lead to closer cooperation between volunteers and museums.

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