博物館的社區合作初探－以國立自然科學博物館的玉里神父傳教捐贈為例

Example of Museum-Community Collaboration: Donation of Photography Collection from Yuli Town to the National Museum of Natural Science

10.6686/MuseQ.202101_35(1).0003

廖紫均(Zu-Chun Liao)

影像蒐藏 ； 文化詮釋 ； 玉里 ； 傳教士手稿 ； 巴黎外方傳教會 ； photography collection ； cultural interpretation ； Yuli ； priests' archive ； Missions Étrangères de Paris ； M.E.P.

博物館學季刊

35卷1期（2021 / 01 / 01）

53 - 73

繁體中文

本文是將一批來自玉里的捐贈，定位為傳教士生活史的手稿材料，並從影像的訪談做為國立自然科學博物館與受訪者互動的起始，進而辦理特展與建立資料庫的過程。本批材料雖說以影像為主，從影像內容來看所牽涉的行動者以及相關的事蹟，初步的推斷，與巴黎外方傳教會的傳教士在東海岸的耕耘有關，因此相關的日誌與老照片等，都成為詮釋影像的基礎或是背景材料。雖說影像因拍攝者的角度會有模糊性，不盡然是歷史的真實，因此在建構詮釋的過程中，拜訪與修會相關的人員，或者部落裡仍有記憶的耆老成為必要，以口訪、文字記載、影像的交叉比對，逐步地形成與建構受訪者的角度與觀點。在本案中所有的互動過程，不論是採用「文化接觸區」或是「參與區」的概念，都是盡力地做到貼近資料來源的受訪者的觀點。前者是透過這批捐贈的影像，讓玉里地區不同團體的意見表達，博物館成為不同團體之間意見溝通的橋樑；後者更進一步的讓來自花蓮或玉里的行動者，積極主動地參與，例如擔任訪談員成為建構數位化資料庫的一份子，讓數位資料庫打破臺中與花蓮的區隔。這批材料雖說以劉一峰神父的移動，以及玉里天主堂為主，但是隨著來自巴黎檔案室的拷貝檔材料入館，關於花蓮的原住民改宗，以及天主教對原住民社會的影響等蛛絲馬跡，也可逐漸被拼湊。國立自然科學博物館身為公共蒐藏空間，透過與資料來源地的合作，來呈現這些材料於展場和資料庫，展現這批蒐藏在當今社會的價值與意義。

A collection of images related to the life histories of missionaries was donated from Yuli Town, Hualien County to the National Museum of Natural Science and exhibited in 2018. The significance of this donation is revealed through collaborations between the museum and source communities and the use of these images in the construction of a database. This collection is of French priests who served in eastern Taiwan, mainly in Yuli Town. Anthropological methods were applied to interactions with the source communities. From the source communities' point of view, the internal and external narratives of these photos generate abundant information that can be used to understand their past. However, certain issues needed to be addressed, such as viewpoint, ambiguity of truth, and even denial of truth. Even with such limitations, they are valuable additions to the museum's collection and can be utilized to develop narratives and social archives for source communities. Based on the concepts of ＂cultural contact zone＂ or ＂engagement zone＂, the goal was to break through barriers between the museum and source communities. On stage or off stage, the museum's focus was on participant uniqueness. Moreover, the narratives and interpretations of these images have been deposited in the museum archives. Since the donations from Yuli Town are related to the work of the Missions Étrangères de Paris' in Taiwan, they involve religious rituals and conversion. As more people have become aware of these images, there has been a shift from only analyzing the contents to developing knowledge informed by indigenous interpretation. Through community involvement, these photos present a new window on missionary work and history of eastern Taiwan.

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