照片引談法運用於博物館兒童觀眾研究－從「童齡眼」任務開啟兒童對話

Using Photo-elicitation in a Museum Visitor Study of Children: Initiating Conversations through "Children's Eyes"

10.6686/MuseQ.202307_37(3).0002

郭昭翎(Chao-Ling Kuo)；陳貞融(Chen-Jung Chen)；王紀涵(Ji-Han Wang)；洪煒茜(Wei-Chien Hung)；林琮穎(Tsung-Ying Lin)

照片引談法 ； 博物館觀眾研究 ； 兒童展 ； 任務型活動 ； photo-elicitation ； museum visitor study ； children exhibition ； task-based activity

博物館學季刊

37卷3期（2023 / 07 / 01）

31 - 55+57-58

繁體中文;英文

兒童是博物館主要的觀眾族群之一，博物館也常見專屬兒童的展覽，但受限於兒童閱讀理解、專注力及與成人研究者之社會關係等因素，要探詢其意見卻是一大挑戰。目前國內博物館主要採用觀察、問卷或訪談法進行研究資料蒐集，並常由家長協助或代理兒童參與，以兒童為主體，並由其自主表達觀點的研究工具則較罕見。基於兒童具有的權利與身心發展特殊性，為了探究博物館如何透過促進兒童自主表達的觀眾研究方法，傾聽兒童觀眾對展覽的經驗與想法，本研究以「照片引談法」為工具，並以國立臺灣博物館「臺灣．我的家」兒童探索展為場域，招募該展目標觀眾－5到10歲兒童參與任務型活動，包括請兒童觀展後持本研究提供的數位相機拍攝展場，以及挑選5張自攝照片與研究者（引談人）就影像內容、拍攝動機、觀展經驗等進行分享。研究發現在「任務型照片引談法」活動中，兒童能掌握拍照、挑選照片及分享自身想法，成為提供一手資料的主體。透過結合任務導向及不需仰賴文字閱讀的拍照與引談活動，並藉由跨域協作建立引談模式與技巧，營造直觀、友善且能讓兒童持續參與的環境，促使兒童能順利收集資料及進行分享。同時，兒童所表達內容也能建構照片的隱含意義，使照片與引談互為分析資料。然而，研究發現兒童多樣的個人、社會及環境脈絡，皆會影響資料蒐集的品質與豐富度，因此建議未來研究能彈性調整活動場域範圍及時間，並可於參觀與拍照階段輔以觀察法，提供研究者交互對照。本研究闡明照片引談法運用於兒童觀眾研究的適用性及實際執行方式，期望能做為相關研究及展覽實踐參考。

As one of the main museum visitor groups, many museum exhibitions are developed for children. However, it is challenging to inquire about their opinions due to factors such as literacy, concentration, and social relations with adult researchers. Currently, observation, questionnaires, and interviews are commonly used data collection methods in the field of visitor studies in Taiwan. Parents often participate in such research, assisting or even representing children. There are relatively few research instruments that allow children to be the direct "subjects" or to express their perspectives. The aim of this study is to understand how museums can engage children and learn about their experiences of and thoughts on visiting exhibitions, while respecting their rights and based on their physical and mental development. In this study, the photo-elicitation method was used to collect data. The field of study was the Taiwan, Our Home Children's Exhibition at the National Taiwan Museum. Children aged 5 to 10, the target audience of this exhibition, were recruited to participate in a task-based activity, in which they used a camera to take photos of the exhibition after their visit. They then chose five photos and shared their thoughts on their content, motivations for taking them, and their visiting experience during an elicitation process with a researcher. The results showed that children are capable of being active participants and providing primary data, as they effectively shared their thoughts and feelings through photography and selection of photos. This approach can be used to create an intuitive and engaging environment for data collection. Meanwhile, in their own voice, children revealed the implicit meaning of the photos they took, providing both photos and elicitation transcription for analysis. It is important to note that the quality and quantity of data may vary due to personal, social, and physical contexts. Therefore, future researchers may need to adjust the size of the exhibition area and the duration of the activity. Additionally, researchers should consider applying the observation method during children's visits and taking photos to provide comparative data. Overall, this study highlights the unique potential and implementation of photo-elicitation in children's visitor studies and serves as a reference for future research and curatorial practices.

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