河川沿岸土地利用對水質之影響研究

The Influence of Riverside Land Use on Water Quality

10.6950/JL.201009.0053

江彥政(Yen-Cheng Chian)；張俊彥(Chun-Yen Chang)

景觀生態 ； 河川水質 ； 集水區管理 ； Landscape ecology ； Water quality ； Watershed management

造園景觀學報

16卷3期（2010 / 09 / 01）

53 - 73

繁體中文

近年以來，水資源需求之增加及人為開發土地面積之擴張，造成集水區環境的破壞，使得水資源受到衝擊。因此本研究目的為探討不同土地利用類型對河川水質之影響。以陽明山國家公園之雙溪流域作為研究基地，並於基地中進行水質調查，使用台北市一千分之一數值地形圖進行套疊繪製，利用Fragstats計算出面積、塊區數目、平均塊區大小、平均形狀指標、平均塊區碎形維度、塊區密度、面積權重之形狀指標平均值等七項指標，計算所得之景觀生態結果分別與水質四項指標（水溫、pH值、溶氧量、電導度）進行皮爾森積差相關分析，結果顯示出不同土地利用類型（人工地盤、林地和農地）之面積與水溫、溶氧量達顯著相關性。農地之面積、平均塊區大小、平均塊區碎形維度均與水溫具正相關，反之，與溶氧量達負相關。此外，三種土地利用類型對電導度均無達到顯著相關性。本研究結果建議未來陽明山國家公園在土地管理上需有具體之管控，特別在農地與建地的開發，以減少對下游地區之水質衝擊。

Due to the land use development and higher and higher demand of water use in the recent years, watershed was gradually impacted by human use, water resources to be very precious. This study purpose was to explore the relationships between land use types and water quality. The Yangmingshan National Park was used as the survey site. The characteristics of urban-rural interface to be an important boundary effect area. The 1/1000 topography map was used for the analysis of landscape ecological structure indices. The landscape ecology software developed by the USDA, Fragstats was applied for the indices calculation. Following are the selected indices of the landscape ecological structures: area in hectares (AREA), number of patch (NP), mean patch size (MPS), means shape index (MSI), mean patch fragment dimension (MPFD), patch density (PD), and area-weighted mean shape index (AWMSI). All the indices correlated to the indices of water quality (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity). The results that found the difference of land use structures (man-made area, woodland, and farmland) have a significant correlation with water temperature and dissolved oxygen. The farmland (AREA, MPS, and MPFD) that not only positively correlated with temperature, but also negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. Besides, there was no significant correlation between three land use types and electrical conductivity. There are recommendations based on study findings that suggest to the future land management guides in Yangminshan National Park to reduce water quality of the downstream, particularly in development of farmland and built area.

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