以Q方法探討影響放鬆感受之使用者環境因子認知類別

Identifying Perceptive Segments and Environmental Features Affecting Perceived Relaxation Using Q-methodology

張高雯(Kaowen Grace Chang)

都市公園綠地 ； 景觀規劃設計 ； 心理健康效益 ； 心理放鬆 ； Q方法 ； urban green space ； environmental planning and design ； relaxation ； Q-methodology

造園景觀學報

22卷3期（2018 / 09 / 01）

1 - 32

繁體中文

都市景觀環境之規劃與設計考量面向多樣，常有複雜度高與喜好具主觀性之特質，使單一因子研究發現之實質應用因此受限。本研究目的為以支援放鬆知覺為目標，整體性考量影響放鬆知覺之環境配置因子，應用融合質化探索與量化分析特質之Q方法，依據受測者觀點進行意識群體分類與提取各類意識群體中具代表性之放鬆環境項目，萃取其環境配置相關之構念與原則，分析結果發現景觀環境配置與放鬆知覺間存在具差異性之五類意識群體，而類型間之差異項目群則可見對於人文氛圍、自然程度、空間美感、與場域主題及互動性強度性具有不同之認知偏好，研究結果提供不同認知族群解讀放鬆環境之面貌，支援放鬆知覺之景觀環境配置參考依據。

Urban green spaces play an important role in promoting wellbeing through relaxation for the public. In order to plan and construct such settings, environmental planners and designers often need to consider multifaceted designing factors and different user perceptions. Thus, we need to untangle the environmental attributes desirable to different groups by incorporating the complex inputs of multifaceted designing options and user subjectivity so that the outdoor recreation setting can benefit a wide spectrum of users. Using Q-methodology, we established concourse statement sets to investigate which environmental factors influence the perceived relaxation in outdoor recreational settings. We found that perceptive differences do exist among the identified five user segments. Among the tested environmental factors, the disturbance from the exterior environment, including the relative distance of automobiles and activities around, and the visual quality of the outside generally influence the perceived relaxation across different groups. The perceived relaxation of identified groups is triggered by different environmental factors. The groups show their environmental preferences respectively in the directions of humanistic ambience, naturalistic expression, spatial aesthetics, as well as thematic and interaction strength. Study limitations and implications of the results are discussed. The findings of this study offer essential information for planning and designing an environment that promotes wellbeing.

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