高齡者使用戶外體健設施之動機、阻礙與體適能效益：使用者與非使用者之比較

Motivation, Constraint and Fitness Effect of Using Outdoor Fitness Equipment in Elderly: A comparison between Users and Nonusers

李季聖(Chi-Sheng Li)；陳惠美(Hui-Mei Chen)

高齡者 ； 體能活動 ； 戶外體健設施 ； 功能性體適能 ； 運動強度 ； elderly ； physical activity ； outdoor fitness equipment ； functional fitness ； exercise intensity

造園景觀學報

23卷1期（2019 / 03 / 01）

1 - 29

繁體中文

本研究目的在於探討高齡者使用公園戶外體健設施之動機與阻礙；並確定其使用戶外體健設施之活動強度；瞭解使用者之知覺效益；同時比較使用者與非使用者之體適能差異。研究對象為65歲以上長者共60位，並以非隨機指派樣本，將受測者分為體健設施之使用者與非使用者兩組各30人。研究方法同時採取質性訪談與量化體適能測驗。結果顯示，追求健康是使用體健設施之主要拉力動機，使用安全、可及高則為重要推力動機。偏好從事其他運動為非使用者不使用體健設施之關鍵阻礙。高齡者在公園自由使用體健設施之活動強度僅達輕度運動。使用者認為使用體健設施不僅能促進體適能，亦可舒緩疼痛；但共變數分析結果顯示，使用者與非使用者在適能測驗表現，並無顯著差異。

This research focused on the usage of outdoor fitness equipment in parks by the elderly, and the purposes were to explore the users' motivations for using outdoor fitness equipment and nonusers' deterrents, to examine the exercise intensity of using outdoor fitness equipment, to understand users' perceived benefits of using outdoor fitness equipment, and to compare the difference in physical fitness performance between users and nonusers of outdoor fitness equipment through practical tests. A group of sixty senior park users (＞ 65 years old), comprising thirty outdoor fitness equipment users and thirty nonusers, was recruited as participants. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to interview the subjects and to test their physical fitness. The results showed that the motivations of using outdoor fitness equipment were primarily based on personal push factors regarding the pursuit of health, and secondarily relied on facility pull factors of safety and accessibility. The major deterrents for outdoor fitness equipment nonusers were personal factors of preferring other exercises; and few addressed facility factors, such as crowded facilities or safety concerns. The users chose varied pieces of outdoor fitness equipment to work out different parts of the body; however, it achieved only light physical activity. Most of the users approved of the benefits of improving physical fitness and pain relief. There were no significant differences between outdoor fitness equipment users and nonusers in all seven physical fitness performances. This could be because there is no fitness effect from light physical activity, the equivalent fitness effect can be found between using outdoor fitness equipment and engaging in other light exercises, or the limitations of the small sample size and the difficulty of controlling confounding factors; therefore, these remain as tasks for future research.

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