被忽略的背景環境：不同活動對周邊環境注意程度之影響

The Ignored Background: The Influences of Activities on the Attention of Surrounded Environment

鄭萱(Hsuan Cheng)；郭怡君(Yi-Chun Kuo)；鄭佳昆(Chia-Kuen Cheng)

活動類型 ； 注意力程度 ； 注意力恢復 ； 環境 ； Activity Types ； Attention ； Attention Restoration ； Environment

造園景觀學報

26卷1期（2022 / 12 / 01）

24 - 38

繁體中文;英文

長久以來，環境對人的影響力廣泛在各個領域被討論，環境也已被證明在人類行為以及生活模式上具有很大的影響力。上述這些研究結果都是建立在人注意到環境的前提下，但人並不是無時無刻都能夠注意到環境，而過去研究卻對人忽略環境的情況以及原因少有研究。近來研究已發現在恢復性環境中使用手機，會減損環境原有的注意力恢復效益；同樣地在容易擁有心流體驗的活動中亦發現容易忽略活動以外的環境特質。使用3C以及容易產生心流體驗的活動都是對人有高度吸引力的活動，且符合剛性魅力活動的特質；因此可推論當有其他比環境更有吸引力的活動發生，很可能讓人對環境的注意力減低，進而減損環境對人的影響力。因此，本研究安排共60位受試者隨機分配到6種休息情境（在綠地或人工空間玩手機、看現場音樂表演或純賞景），並以注意力測驗檢測注意力恢復效果，作為人是否受到環境影響的指標。藉此探討是否投入不同活動類型會影響人對周邊環境的注意程度。研究結果發現，在自然環境賞景得到的注意力恢復效果會明顯較人工環境中賞景高；但在自然與人工環境中玩手機以及聽現場表演這兩種剛性魅力活動時的注意力恢復效果則無顯著差異。由此可證明不同活動類型的確會影響人對周邊環境的注意程度，且當在環境中進行吸引力極強的剛性魅力活動時，會使人對環境的注意力下降，並使環境對人的影響降低。未來環境相關研究需避免將活動的影響力錯誤歸因於環境，並對欲使環境發生影響力需要排除的情況有更多了解；在環境影響力的應用方面也能避免無效的活動設計以及建設，節省資源並達到最大效益。

The influence of the environment on people has been widely discussed in various fields for a long time, and the environment has also been proven to have a great influence on human behavior and lifestyle. These researches are based on the premise of people paying attention to the environment. However, people are not able to pay attention to the environment all the time. In the past, there were few studies discussed the circumstances and reasons why people ignore the environment. Recent studies have found that using mobile phones in green spaces will reduce the attention enhancement benefits of the environment. Activities that often provide flow experience are found to make people overlook the environment. Using 3C products and the activities that are prone to have flow experience possess the characteristics of hard fascination and are both highly attractive activities to people, therefore, it can be inferred that when other activities are more attractive than the environment, it is likely that the influences of the environment are reduced. In this study, 60 participants performed cognitive tasks and then were randomly assigned to one of six rest treatments: green settings or barren settings with fascination activities (using smart phone or listening to an unplugged music concert), or soft fascination activity: sight-seeing. Attention was measured three times as the indicator of whether people are influenced by the environment in order to know whether different activities will Influence the attention of people toward the environment or not. Results showed a significant effect of attention restoration in green spaces while sight-seeing. However, the attention restoration effects of green setting were not different from barren settings while using smart phone and listening to the music performance. As a result, we can assure that different activities will influence the attention of people toward the surroundings. Moreover, while performing highly attractive activities, i.e., hard fascination activities, will reduce the attentional functioning toward the surrounding therefore reduce the influences of the environment. Therefore, future environmental related research needs to avoid mistakenly attributing the consequences of activities to the environment, and to have a better understanding of the circumstances when environments have no effect on people. The application of this studies can also avoid invalid designs and constructions.

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