華語代詞性謂語之事件結構分析

Pronominal Predicates and Event Structure in Mandarin Chinese

10.6710/JTLL.202010_15(2).0004

魏廷冀(Ting-Chi Wei)

代詞性謂語 ； 事件結構 ； 輕動詞 ； 詞彙解構 ； pronominal predicate ； eventual structure ； light verb ； lexical decomposition

臺灣語文研究

15卷2期（2020 / 10 / 01）

263 - 304

繁體中文

從英、華對比分析的角度，本文探討四類華語代詞性謂語，「這麼（樣）做」、「這麼（樣）動詞」、「這（麼）樣」以及「做／發生同樣的事」之分佈、衍生及語法特性，有別於Wei and Li（2016）只偏重於主事型（agentivity）代詞性謂語之探討，忽略代詞性謂語與其前行語動詞類型的對應關係，我們確認這四種代詞性謂語之間存在從實到虛不同層次及種類的指涉光譜，且較偏向於深層照應詞（Hankamer and Sag 1976）。本文修正Wei and Li（2016）主張代詞性謂語衍生過程中會牽涉V-to-v-to-Asp移位的論述，主張更符合華語語言事實的V-to-v移位分析，證實代詞性謂語所代表的單位句法範疇可分為兩類：一類為vP層次，另一類為AspP層次；同時以Davidson（1967）及Hale and Keyser（1991, 1993）之詞彙解構為基礎，利用事件結構概念（Huang 1997，T.-H. Lin 2001），找出代詞性謂語與其前行謂語間之平行對稱關係，用以詮釋華語具爭議性結構，如小句、名詞謂語、被字句及把字句。

This paper is to modify and extend Wei and Li's (2006) analysis on pronominal predicates in Mandarin Chinese, in an attempt to acquire a full paradigm of the zhemeyang 'so' family in the langauge. We observe that there is a direct correspondence regarding the type of event predicate or light verb between a pronominal predicate and its antecedent. In line with Wei and Li (2016), we propose that the lexical decomposition analysis (Davidson 1967, Hale and Keyser 1991, 1993, Huang 1997, T.-H. Lin 2001) can be conducted to interpret the construal of pronominal predicates in Mandarin Chinese. Furthermore, to resolve the paradoxical issues on the derivations of several aspectual markers in these referential expressions, we follow the fact that there is no V-to-v-to-Asp movement but V-to-v movement in the language (cf. Huang 1991, 1994, 1997, Tang 1998, 2001). The result of this study is utilized to diagnose some disputed structures, such as small clause, nominal predicate structure, passive construction, and ba-construction.

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