佛典中修習禪定過程的詮釋－以《清淨道論》「觀呼吸」禪定過程為例

The Interpretation of Meditative Process in Buddhist Texts: the Practice of Mindfulness of Breathing (AnApanassati) in Visuddhimagga as an Example

10.29907/JRTR.200712.0004

釋自鼐(Zinai Shi)

佛教 ； 《清淨道論》 ； 觀呼吸 ； 寫作歷程 ； 覺音 ； Buddhism ； Visuddhimagga ； mindfulness of breath ； writing process ； Buddhaghosa

成大中文學報

19期（2007 / 12 / 01）

87 - 124

繁體中文

詮釋或說明禪定的過程並不等同實際地在練習禪定，而是「後禪定」的一種重建工作。兩者之間有一個不可避免的落差，即是語言的本質及使用是不等同經驗或是體驗的本身。本文以覺音論師（Buddhaghosa，西元5世紀中葉）的著作《清淨道論（Visuddhimagga）》的「觀呼吸（安般念）」法為例，企圖從Ben McClelland深入分析所發展的「寫作過程」理論模式，檢證《清淨道論》第八品「隨念業處品（anussatikammaTThAnaniddesa）」第九「安般念（AnApAnassati）」中，1描述觀呼吸得禪定過程的方法。從中推證覺音論師發展出一個整合的禪修詮釋法，也依此可推測《清淨道論》之所以能至今持續不衰的二個主因：（1）覺音論師能充分掌握觀呼吸得禪定過程的特性（2）整合不同的修辭法能更周延地重新呈現修「觀呼吸」得禪定的過程。

Interpretation or explanation of meditative process is a restructured work done after meditation, which is not actually practicing meditation. The fundamental problem in studying Buddhist meditation is that most of the studies regard the meditative process as a resultant situation with static linear stages rather than being an actual activity and continual process. Due to this bias, the hermeneutic role that the authors play in the Buddhist texts is worth to have an opportunity to be acknowledged along with the strategies and methods that the authors invented. Using the model of ‘Contemporary Composing Theory’ suggested by Ben McClelland, an in-depth analysis on the process of Buddhist meditation intends to reveal the essential aspects of the developmental process in meditation. The exploration of how narrative methods were applied in interpreting instruction on ‘breathing meditation’ further scrutinizes the ＂Eight Steps of Mindfulness Breathing＂ in Chapter Eight of the Visuddhimagga. Buddhaghosa’s innovation illustrates a more complete description of the developmental aspects found in the meditation process. From investigating the methods of describing the meditative process, a refined Buddhist hermeneutic approach to study, read and apply Buddhist doctrines emerges.

1. The Bedford Bibliography for Teachers of Writing
2. B. Dewarakkhita (ed.),Simon Hewavitarana Bequest Series(1918).Paramattha Dipani or the Commentary of the Then Gātha.Colombo:The Tri Pitaka Publication Press.
3. Ben M. McClelland,Timothy R. Donovan(1985).Perspectives-on Research and Scholarship in Composition.NY:The Modern Language Association of America.
4. Ben M. McClelland,Timothy R. Donovan(1985).Perspectives-on Research and Scholarship in Composition.NY:The Modem Language Association of America.
5. Bucknell, Rod,Chris Rang, (ed.)(1997).The Meditative Way Mind: Reading in the Theory and Practice of Buddhist Meditation.Great Britian:Curzon Press.
6. Bucknell, Roderick,Martin Stuart Fox(1986).The Twinlight Language.Lodon:Curzon Press.
7. Collins1 Steven(1998).Nirvana and Oilier Buddhist Felicities-Utopias of the Pali imaginaire.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
8. Five Faculties
9. Henepola Gunaratana(1994).The Path of Serenity end Insight: An Explanation of the Buddhist Jhānas.Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass.
10. Henepola Gunaratana(1988).The Jhānas: In Therarvāda Buddhist Meditation.Kandy, Sri Lanka:BPS.
11. Joan Bolker(1998).Writing Your Dissetation in Fifteen Minutes a Day-A Guide to Starting, Revising, and Finishing Your Doctoral Thesis.NY:Henry Molt and Company.
12. Joseph Petraglia,Thomas Kent （編）(1999).Post-Process Theory: Beyond the Writing-Process Paradigm.Carbondale, IL:Southern Illinois University Press.
13. Karel Werner,P. Denwood,A. Piatigorsky (ed.)(1985).Buddhist Studies: Acient and Modern.London:Curzon Press.
14. L9Q1 Meta Required
15. Martin Heidegger,Peter D. Hertz（譯）.On the Way to Language.Cambridge:Harper & Row, Publicaters, San Francisco.
16. Miller, P. John(1994).The Contemplative Practitioner: Meditation in Education and the Professions.CT:Bergin & Garvey.
17. Pathways of Buddhist Thought
18. Richard Larson,Donald A. McQuade（編）(1986).The Territory of Language-Linguistics, Stylistics, and The Teachings of Composing.Illinois:Southern Illinois University Press.
19. Ricoeur, Paul,Kathleen McLaughlin (translated),David Pellauer(1990).Time and Narrative.IL:University of Chicago Press.
20. Buddha Zine Magazine Articles
21. English
22. Vipassanā Tribune
23. 安般念簡介
24. 張隆溪、黃俊傑編(2001)。中國經典詮釋傳統（一）通論篇（儒學與東亞）。台北:喜瑪拉雅基金會。
25. 葉均翻譯、覺音尊者著(2000)。清淨道論。高雄:正覺學會。