資訊反饋與休閒行為之研究（I）

Exploring leisure behavior from information feedbacks (I)

10.6737/JDP.201912_(26).04

陳寅全(Chen, Yin-Quan)；林裔綺(Lin, Yi-Chi)

系統反饋 ； 休閒行為 ； feedback system ； leisure behavior

發展與前瞻學報

26期（2019 / 12 / 01）

71 - 91

繁體中文

本文主要以控制系統研究方法、文獻分析法，對資訊反饋與休閒行為進行質性研究，同時輔以認知系統對活動象限矩陣、心流體驗進行探討。在研究中可得知，休閒行為就如同控制系統，把資訊輸送出去，再把這資訊的結果經由反饋的管道傳送回來，來達預期干涉的控制目標，最後休閒行為的產出正是「資訊」與「認知」兩者拉扯之下的產物。因此，休閒活動的選擇，是資訊、判讀、選擇活動、活動資訊反饋、修正活動的一連串過程。尤其，是人們早期的不愉快經驗，如溺水、騎單車嚴重摔傷…所形成的先驗認知，會對個人產生很大的恐懼，進而影響對休閒活動資訊的選擇，若要改變這種不愉快的先驗認知，必須利用不同的資訊管道引導下，逐漸慢慢的重組認知結構，此正是賽蒙（Simon）的早期「內化」經驗，而要改變這種「內化」並非易事，是需要較長時間才有可能達成。另若長期間沒有新的資訊刺激，此時個人的認知會處於一個相對穩定的狀況，進而形成習慣領域，個人的休閒行為模式就會處於一個固定模式、方法、思考途徑，除非有新的資訊激盪改變，否則休閒活動的選擇就不會有太大的改變與創新想法。而本文因礙於篇幅，僅從資訊反饋的理論對休閒行為進行探討分析，另有關系統理論應用在休閒行為，其實證分析於下篇幅呈現。

Leisure behavior is like a controlling system sending the information out, and then transmitting the result of this information back. Through the feedback system the information reaches the control target of expected interference. The output of leisure behavior is exactly the result of the interaction of information and cognition. Therefore, the choice of leisure activities is a series of processes of information, interpretation, selection activities, event information feedback, and revision activities. As we know, the early unpleasant experience such as drowning, serious injury by cycling in the prior cognition will lead to a great fear, and thus affects the choice of leisure activities. To change this unpleasant a priori cognition, it is necessary to use different information channels and guidance to gradually reorganize the cognitive structure. This is Simon's early ＂internalization＂ experience. It is not easy to change this early ＂internalization＂ experience. It takes a long time to reach. If there is no new information stimulation for a long period of time, the personal cognition will be in a relatively stable state. And then a habitual field will be formed. Thus the personal leisure behavior mode will be in a fixed mode, method, and thinking path. Unless the new information is suddenly changed, the choice of leisure activities will not have much change and innovative ideas. However, due to space limitations, this article only discusses and analyzes leisure behavior from the theory of information feedback. The application of system theory of leisure behavior will be presented in the next research paper.

1. 紀光陽,吳宏熙(2017)。從系統動態決策探討休閒「心流」。發展與前瞻學報，17，35-52。
   連結：
2. Csilszentmihalyi, M.(1975).Beyond Boredom and Anxiety.San Francisco. CA:Jossey- Bass.
3. Flavell, John H.(1977).Cognitive development.Michigan:Prentice-Hall.
4. Harmon, P.(1985).E×pert System: Artificial Intelligence in Business.New York:John Willey.
5. Mclntyre, N.,Pigram, J. J.(1992).Recreation Specialization Reexamined: The Case of Vehicle-based Campers.Leisure Sciences,14,3-15.
6. Popper, Karl R.(1972).Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach.Oxford:Clarendon Press.
7. Robbins, S. P.,Judge, T. A.(2018).Organizational Behavior.台北:台灣培生教育出版股份有限公司.
8. Simon, Herbert A.(1957).Administrative Behavior.New York:Macmillian.
9. Simon, Herbert A.(1960).The New Science of Management Decision.New York:Harper Row.
10. Sternberg, Robert J.(1985).Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence.New York:Cambridge University Press.
11. Swarbrooke, J.,Beard, C.,Leckie, S.,Pomfret, G.(2003).Adventure Tourism: The New Frontier.Burlington MA:Butterworth Heinemann.
12. 王雨田(1987).控制論、信息論、系統科學與哲學.北京:中國人民大學出版社.
13. 呂亞力(1984).政治學方法論.臺北:三民出版社.
14. 林連聰,歐聖榮,陳思倫(2011).休閒活動概論.臺北:五南出版社.
15. 席汝楫(1997).社會與行為科學研究方法.臺北:五南出版社.
16. 陳海鳴(1990)。新竹，交通大學管理科學研究所。
17. 森勃呂特,維納,別格羅(1969)。行為、目的和目的論。控制論哲學問題譯文集，北京:
18. 游伯龍(1985).行為與決策－知己知彼的基礎與應用.臺北:中央研究院.
19. 謝清佳(1989)。新竹，交通大學管理科學研究所。
20. 謝清佳(1996).資訊管理：理論與實務.臺北:智勝文化.