以大數據分析探討臺灣幼兒對數位遊戲偏好及學習成效

A Study on Taiwan Children's Preference for Digital Games and Learning Through Big Data

10.6869/THJER.202212_39(2).0001

湯梓辰(Joni Tzuchen Tang)

大數據分析 ； 遊戲偏好 ； 遊戲學習 ； 數位遊戲 ； 學習成效 ； big data analysis ； game preferences ； game-based learning ； digital games ； learning effectiveness

清華教育學報

39卷2期（2022 / 12 / 31）

1 - 33

繁體中文;英文

遊戲學習係透過遊戲提升學習成效。本研究旨在探究3～8歲幼兒的遊戲偏好及學習，以大數據分析了十個遊戲、五種遊戲類別（競速、開發、選擇、創造、紙牌），將遊戲放在兒童教育平板內，提供給幼兒自由探索。研究結果發現：1.幼兒願意對於喜歡的遊戲一次又一次的遊玩；2.性別及年齡對於遊戲的喜好並未有顯著差異；3.幼兒對遊戲的興趣及學習成效成正向的相關。本研究嘗試以大數據的方式找出幼兒遊玩數位遊戲的模式，此分析結果可作為幼兒和學齡前教師或是幼兒數位遊戲設計師的參考。

Game-based learning enhances learning through the use of digital games. To explore the learning effects and preferences of children aged 3-8 in game-based learning, this study analyzed ten different types of games in five digital game categories (competition, speed, development, choice, creation, and solitaire) and placed them on children's educational tablets, providing free exploration for young children. Through big data analysis to evaluate the behavior of 1,000 children aged 3-8, we found the following: 1. Children are willing to repeatedly play their favorite games; 2. There were no significant differences in game preference based on gender or age; 3. Children's interest in games and learning outcomes were positively correlated. This study aimed to determine the patterns of children playing digital games using big data, and the analysis results can be used as a reference for children and preschool teachers or children's digital game designers.

1. Adedoyin, O. B.,Soykan, E.(2020).Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities.Interactive Learning Environments,31(3),1-13.
2. Barr, R.(2019).Growing up in the digital age: Early learning and family media ecology.Current Directions in Psychological Science,28(4),341-346.
3. Bassok, D., Michie, M., Cubides-Mateus, D. M., Doromal, J. B., & Kiscaden, S. (2020). The divergent experiences of early educators in schools and child care centers during COVID-19: Findings from Virginia (Virginia PDG B-5 Evaluation SEE-Partnerships Report). Retrieved from https://earlysuccess.org/content/uploads/2020/09/Virginia.pdf
4. Bolstad, R.(2004).The role and potential of ICT in early childhood education: A review of New Zealand and international literature.Wellington, New Zealand:New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
5. Brooks, S. K.,Webster, R. K.,Smith, L. E.,Woodland, L.,Wessely, S.,Greenberg, N.,Rubin, G. J.(2020).The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence.The Lancet,395(10227),912-920.
6. Brown, J. S.,Collins, A.,Duguid, P.(1989).Situated cognition and the culture of learning.Educational Researcher,18(1),32-42.
7. Burdett, E. R. R.,Ikari, S.,Nakawakem, Y.(2022).British children’s and adults’ perceptions of robots.Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
8. Caillois, R.(2001).Man, play, and games.Urbana, Chicago:University of Illinois Press.
9. Cherry, K. (2020). ‘Flow’ can help you achieve goals: Understanding the psychology of flow. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-flow-2794768
10. Chomsky, N.(1993).Language and thought.Wakefield, RI:Moyer Bell.
11. Copple, C., & Bredekamp, S. (2009). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/PSDAP.pdf
12. Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1990).Flow: The psychology of optimal experience.New York, NY:Harper and Row.
13. Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1975).Beyond boredom and anxiety: Experiencing flow in work and play.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
14. Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1998).Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life.New York, NY:Basic Books.
15. Dalton, G.,Devitt, A.(2016).Gaeilge gaming: Assessing how games can help children to learn Irish.International Journal of Game-based Learning,6(4),22-38.
16. Eutsler, L.,Trotter, J.(2020).Print or iPad? Young children’s text type shared reading preference and behaviors in comparison to parent predictions and at-home practices.Literacy Research and Instruction,59(4),325-345.
17. Fayyad, U.,Piatetsky-Shapiro, G.,Smyth, P.(1996).From data mining to knowledge discovery in database.AI Magazine,17(3),37-54.
18. Gerkushenko, S.,Gerkushenko, G.(2014).The play theory and computer games using in early childhood education.International Journal of Game-Based Learning,4(3),47-60.
19. Gestwicki, C.(2016).Developmentally appropriate practice: Curriculum and development in early education.Boston, MA:Cengage Learning.
20. Godwin, K.,Lomas, D.,Koedinger, K.,Fisher, A.(2015).Monster mischief: Designing a video game to assess selective sustained attention.International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations,7(4),18-39.
21. Hourcade, J. P.,Williams, S. R.,Miller, E. A.,Huebner, K. E.,Liang, L. J.(2013).Evaluation of tablet apps to encourage social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorders.Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
22. Jones, D. A.,Chang, M.(2012).Multiplayer online role-playing game for teaching youth finance in Canada.International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design,2(2),44-59.
23. Kalas. I. (2010). Recognizing the potential of ICT in early childhood education: Analytical survey. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001904/190433e.pdf
24. Kulman, R. (2014). Why do kids love to play video games? Learning Works for Kids. Retrieved from http://learningworksforkids.com/2014/09/whydo-kids-love-to-play-video-games/
25. Lan, S.,Tang, J. T.(2014).The application of game-based learning in early childhood acquisition.22nd International Conference on Computers in Education,Nara, Japan:
26. Lan, S.,Tang, J. T.(2016).The correlation between children's gameplay learning.Pacific Neighborhood Consortium (PNC) Annual Conference and Joint Meetings 2016
27. Moore, M. G.,Kearsley, G.(1996).Distance education: A system view.Boston, MA:Wadsworth.
28. Mouws, K.,Bleumers, M.(2015).Co-creating games with children: A case study.International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations,7(3),22-43.
29. Pacella, D.,López-Pérez, B.(2018).Assessing children’s interpersonal emotion regulation with virtual agents: The serious game Emodiscovery.Computers & Education,123,1-12.
30. Paudel, S.,Jancey, J.,Subedi, N.,Leavy, J.(2017).Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0-8: A systematic review.BMJ Open,7(10),e014585.
31. Peirce, N.(2013).Digital game-based learning for early childhood: A state of the art report.Dublin, Ireland:Learnovate Center.
32. Piaget, J. (1926). The language and thought of the child. London, England: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
33. Pila, S.,Aladé, F.,Sheehan, K. J.,Lauricella, A. R.,Wartella, E. A.(2019).Learning to code via tablet applications: An evaluation of Daisy the Dinosaur and Kodable as learning tools for young children.Computers & Education,128,52-62.
34. Prensky, M.(2007).Digital game-based learning.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
35. Reimers, F. M., & Schleicher, A. (2020). A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020, from https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=126_126988-t63lxosohs&title=A-framework-to-guide-an-education-response-to-the-Covid-19-Pandemic-of-2020 126_126988-t63lxosohs&title
36. Reips, U. D.,Matzat, U.(2014).Mining “big data” using big data services.International Journal of Internet Science,1(1),1-8.
37. Rivera, M. (2016). Is digital game-based learning the future of learning? Retrieved from https://elearningindustry.com/digital-game-based-learning-future
38. Rouse, M. (2016). Definition: Big data. Retrieved from https://searchdatamanagement. techtarget.com/definition/big-data
39. Skinner, B. F. (1945). The operational analysis of psychological terms. Psychological Review, 52(5), 270-277. doi:
40. Snyder, C.(Ed.),Lopez, S.(Ed.)(2002).Handbook of positive psychology.Oxford, England:Oxford University Press.
41. Tang, J. T.,Hwang, Y. S.,Lan, S.(2013).The experiment of mobile learning in early childhood vocabulary.Pacific Neighborhood Consortium (PNC) Annual Conference and Joint Meetings 2013,Japan:
42. Timmons, K.,Cooper, A.,Bozek, E.,Braund, H.(2021).The Impacts of COVID-19 on Early Childhood Education: Capturing the Unique Challenges Associated with Remote Teaching and Learning in K-2.Early Childhood Education Journal,49,887-901.
43. Van Eck, R.(2006).Digital game-based learning: It’s not just the digital natives who are restless.EDUCAUSE Review,41(2),1-16.
44. Vygotsky, L. S.(1978).Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
45. Wang, F.,Kinzie, M. B.,McGuire, P.,Pan, E.(2010).Applying technology to inquiry-based learning in early childhood education.Early Childhood Education Journal,37(5),381-389.