童話故事中王爾德、格林以及安徒生的美學比較

A Comparison of the Fairy Tale in Oscar Wilde, The Grimms and Han Christian Andersen

10.6739/ttchl.200205_(7).0010

江孟濟(Meng-Chi Chiang)

童話故事 ； 王爾德 ； 安徒生 ； 格林 ； 美學 ； 童話故事 ； 殘酷 ； 顛覆 ； fairy tale ； Wilde ； Andersen ； Grimms ； Aesthetics ； fairy-tale cruelty ； subversion

兒童文學學刊

7期（2002 / 05 / 01）

227 - 254

繁體中文

本論文乃以討論王爾德童話故事中的創意為旨，從美學方面來探討王爾德童話故事不同於傳統的地方。就美學方面而言，受到約翰羅斯肯的影響以及利用顛覆傳統美的方式，王爾德在童話裡表現出其美學理論中「利用」和「實用」的必要性；也因此顛覆了傳統美以及完美角色的概念，並誇大了現實的殘酷。藉由美學的描述，王爾德也擴展了兒童的想像力。本論文將藉由和傳統代表格林，浪漫主義安徒生的美學比較，來呈現王爾德如何揭露維多利亞時代上層社會和下層階級生活的不平等。本論文共分為三部份：第一部份就童話故事中的「美學」為主軸；格林著重於抽象完美的形象，安徒生強調天真無邪的童年時期，而王爾德則是加強在實用利益的價值，而且強調外表的美醜和仁慈邪惡並沒有相互連結關係。第二部份就童話故事中的「殘酷」為主軸；格林的殘酷著重於殘酷恐怖的虐待，而安徒生和王爾德的殘酷則著重在低下階級人民生活所面對的現實殘酷。第三部份就童話故事中的「結局」為主軸，格林有從此過著幸福快樂日子的結局，安徒生和王爾德兩者的則有許多不幸的結局。就這三個論點而言，分別探討這三位不同寫作風格的作者在童話故事中所呈現的美學含義。

This paper is a research concerning Oscar Wilde's creativity in the fairy tale. Using a new aesthetics, Wilde's fairy tale is very different from the traditional ones. Through an aesthetic perspective, influenced by John Ruskin and in used a way more subversive of traditional beauty, Wilde demonstrates the necessity of ＂usefulness＂ and ＂practice＂ in the fairy tale; he thus subverts the traditional concepts of beauty, ideal form and exaggerates the cruel reality. By aesthetic portrayal, Wilde also enlarges children's imagination. By a comparison of the aesthetics of Wilde with the traditional The Grimms and the Romantic Han Christian Andersen, this paper will show how Wilde brings out the injustices and inequalities between the higher and the lower classes. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part focuses on the ＂aesthetics＂ of the fairy tale. Beauty in The Grimms is a striving for an ideal and perfect form. Han Christian Andersen emphasizes the innocent childhood, while Wilde put emphasis on the value of usefulness and also stresses on that the beautiful or ugly appearance is not associated with kindness or viciousness. The second part focuses on ＂cruelty＂ in the fairy tale. The cruelty of The Grimms is the vicious treatment, while Andersen and Wilde's cruelty is based on the cruel realities of lower class life. The third part focuses on the ＂ending＂ of the fairy tale. The Grimms have the happy ever after ending, while both Andersen's and Wilde's have many unhappy endings. Through those three perspectives, by comparison of the three writers' different writing styles, this paper individually presents the aesthetic significance of the fairy tales.