| 题名 |
論《說文解字》與《康熙字典》部首變化及其原因－以米部字為例 |
| 并列篇名 |
The Changes and Causes of Radicals in Shuowen Jiezi and Kangxi Zidian: Taking the Radical ＂Rice＂ as an Example |
| DOI |
10.29419/SICL.202102_(51).0001 |
| 作者 |
林宗翰(Lin Zong-han) |
| 关键词 |
《說文解字》 ； 《康熙字典》 ； 米部 ； 收字原則 ； 部首歸併 ； Shuowen Jiezi ； Kangxi Zidian ； radical ＂rice＂ ； character collection principles ； consolidation of radicals |
| 期刊名称 |
中國文學研究 |
| 卷期/出版年月 |
51期（2021 / 02 / 01） |
| 页次 |
1 - 75 |
| 内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
| 中文摘要 |
在中國古代字書編纂史上，《說文解字》為首部按照部首編排的字書，《康熙字典》為集合歷代字書之大成者。由於文字因應時代和社會的需求，逐漸產生與演變，導致字書相繼萌芽與發展，且編纂的體例、方法也逐漸系統與規範化，其中的變化與原因頗為值得探究。本文以此兩部字書的米部字為研究材料，整理收字情況、字序排列、分類項目、部首歸類等變化，探索發展的軌跡，並參考其他重要字書作為補充。關於兩部字書米部字的變化現象，歸納出四點：一、收字情況，《說文解字》收錄42個字（含新附字6個）；《康熙字典》收錄358個字（含補遺4個、備考34個）。二、字序排列，《說文解字》是據義相近編排；《康熙字典》是按除去部首外的筆畫數排列。三、分類項目，《說文解字》分為「據加工好壞的劃分」、「據品質優劣的劃分」、「表示米的某種狀態」、「與米相關的食物」、「米的延伸運用」、「與米相關的行為」等六大類；《康熙字典》承上述六類外，可再分出「穢物」、「穀皮」、「角黍」、「甜品」、「其他」等十幾類。四、部首歸類，《康熙字典》所載《說文解字》的字中，其部首字與從屬字的歸部有其差異。最後筆者據整理後的情況繪製成表格範例，探討其變化的經過與原因。 |
| 英文摘要 |
In the history of compilation of ancient Chinese dictionaries, Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters) is the first dictionary arranged according to radicals, and Kangxi Zidian (Kangxi Dictionary) is an integration and the pinnacle of ancient Chinese dictionaries in various dynasties. Because of the gradual emergence and evolution of characters in response to the needs of the times and society, dictionaries have proliferated and developed successively, and the compiling styles and methods have gradually become systematic and standardized. The changes and the reasons for them are worth exploring. This paper takes the radical ＂rice＂ in these two dictionaries as the research subject, and sorts out changes in character collection, character order arrangement, classification items, and radical classification to explore the development track. Also, supplementations are made by referring to other important dictionaries. There are four points about the changes of the radical ＂rice＂ in the two dictionaries: 1. Character collection status: Shuowen Jiezi contains forty-two characters (including six newly added ones); Kangxi Zidian has 358 characters (including four supplemented characters and thirty-four for reference). 2. Character order arrangement: Shuowen Jiezi is arranged according to close meaning; Kangxi Zidian is arranged according to the number of strokes apart from the radicals. 3. Classification items: Shuowen Jiezi divides characters with the radical ＂rice＂ into six categories: ＂according to processing quality,＂ ＂according to product quality,＂ ＂indicating a certain state of rice,＂ ＂food related to rice,＂ ＂extended application of rice,＂ and ＂behaviors related to rice＂. In addition to the six categories above, Kangxi Zidian adds a dozen more, such as ＂filth,＂ ＂grain husk,＂ ＂rice dumpling,＂ ＂dessert,＂ and ＂others＂. 4. Classification of radicals: Among the characters in Shuowen Jiezi recorded in Kangxi Zidian, there are differences in the radical classification between the radicals and the subordinate characters. By drawing an example table, this paper discusses the process and reasons for changes of radicals from Shuowen Jiezi to Kangxi Zidian. |
| 主题分类 |
人文學 >
中國文學 |
| 参考文献 |
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