〈建康掩骼記〉中的「掩骼」意涵－兼談葉夢得記文廢興變化內容

A Study of Ye Mende's narrative style of ＂Commemorative writing of burying the withered bones in Jiankang city.＂ and The Topic of Ye Mengde's Record Style Essay

10.29419/SICL.202202_(53).0003

郭力中(Kuo Li-chung)

葉夢得 ； 建康掩骼記 ； 南京 ； 建康 ； 南宋 ； Ye Mengde ； ＂The Commemorative Text In Jiankang City's Withered Bones＂ ； Record Style Essay ； burying bones activity

中國文學研究

53期（2022 / 02 / 01）

93 - 132

繁體中文

本文以南宋初年葉夢得撰寫之〈建康掩骼記〉為切入點，溯源該文中獨特的掩骼意涵，以及該主題在文體書寫和象徵意義上的重要性，其後討論〈建康掩骼記〉之寫作意圖與作品風貌，再用「由廢到興」為主旨，兼論葉夢得以建康之地景為題材的記文創作。由於學界對葉夢得研究較少提及其散文成就，然本記文之價值值得進一步挖掘，該文透過記文的形式，紀錄建炎三年建康城遭受的戰禍，以及高宗下詔掩骼開啟的城市重建。本文分成掩骼性質的文章探討、〈建康掩骼記〉的內容評述、〈建康掩骼記〉與葉夢得記文系列。本文首先探討掩骼性質的文章，其寫作目的、對象和寫作的文體，並由此凸顯本記文在掩骼性質文章中，有其文體和內容上的特出之處。隨後以〈建康掩骼記〉為主題，先爬梳建康府在南宋初年的象徵意義，再細究本文的敘事、議論，以及記錄屠殺後的慘況各方面，其文章內容受到當時對峙的時局、以及作者身為地方官的立場影響，敘事筆法上則環環相扣且記錄慘況詳實，讀來流暢自然。而當中內容赤裸血腥，就以戰禍文章的範疇來看，亦是頗為露骨。最末則將〈建康掩骼記〉放置於葉夢得入南宋後所書寫的記文觀察，在空間上標舉建康，時間上則關注由廢而興的動態意識。從兩個切入點觀察，葉夢得建康記文系列，實有貫穿其中的書寫旨趣。

The study focuses on ＂Commemorative writing of burying the withered bones in Jiankang city.＂, which is written by Ye Mengde(1077-1148)during the early period of Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279). This narrative style writings was used to commemorate the victims of Jiankang City during Song-Jin Wars. The unique point of the article could be found in three aspects: (1) The narrative style of writing, (2) The theme of commemorating the victims. (3) The author, Ye Mengde's identity. Since the withered bones is symbolized as the trouble times, the event of burying victims represents the declaration that the holy king is showing up and will lead the civilians to the well-regulated world. In order to show the absolute authority, most of these article should be written by the emperor. However, ＂Commemorative writing of burying the withered bones in Jiankang city.＂ is written by Ye Mengde, a literati and a magistrate in Jiankang City. Ye Mende had wrote down the invasion of Jurchen, and unlike other kinds of commemorative theme, this article is documented of burying the unknown victims. However, this essay is not only the commemoration of the victims, but also has an emphasis on the city transformation from ruins to revival. It not only shows the transformation of the city, but also the expectation that Song empire could finally defeat the Jurchen regime, just like the city recovered from the damage. The article address a clear message: Although Jin had an military advantage right now, but Song empire, which is virtuous than Jurchan, would finally defeat them, and recover the territory from Jin's control. By the writing background, the purpose of the article is not just a moral symbol, but to against the Jin's invasion. The study discuss the phenomenon that imply the political stance of promoting military way to confront Jurchen's invasion, instead of being compromised by peace treaty, which was violating the political reality at that time.

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