清華簡（叁）〈說命〉「隹」字句初探

A Preliminary Study on 隹 ("wei") Sentences in 說命 ("Yue Ming"), in the "Tsinghua Bamboo Slips (Vol. 3)"

10.29419/SICL.202307_(56).0002

蔡浩軒(Tsai Hao-hsuan)

說命 ； 隹字句 ； 判斷句 ； 分裂句 ； 說命 ("Yue Ming") ； 隹("wei") sentences ； judgment sentence ； cleft sentence

中國文學研究

56期（2023 / 07 / 01）

41 - 69

繁體中文;英文

本文所欲探討者是《清華大學藏戰國竹簡．叁》（以下簡稱《清華（叁）》）〈說命〉的「隹」字句。前人對於今文《尚書》「惟」字分裂句的探討在許多方面皆有相當成果，如「惟」字因居於句首或謂語之前，因而所帶的信息焦點有所差別，或是分裂句「惟」與判斷句繫詞用法的差別等。同屬《尚書》類文獻的〈說命〉，「隹」字句的情形是否確如前人所考？是以本文研究聚焦在〈說命〉篇的「隹」字句，探討其焦點分布及語用目的。〈說命〉大多數的「隹」字句都屬於分裂句，當中有以整個子句為焦點者，亦有一些是以謂語作為其焦點者，這點與前人研究的結果相當吻合。此外，參考前人對於〈說命〉篇文句詮釋的同時，本文亦提出自身的見解並對前人說法加以修正。最後，本文將〈說命〉篇與今文《尚書》命篇加以比較，並對分裂句可觀數量的原因進行推測，認為高比例的「隹」字句乃是〈說命〉作為「命」篇的特色之一。

This paper discusses the 隹 ("wei") sentences in 說命 ("Yue Ming") involved in "Tsinghua Bamboo Slips (Vol. 3)." Much has been done in researching the 惟 ("wei") clefts, including the differences between focus markers which the word 惟 ("wei") marks by way of its location, and the differences between focus-marking 惟 ("wei") and copula 惟 ("wei"). However, the question remains, in 說命 ("Yue Ming"), which also belongs to the category of 尚書 ("Shangshu"), does the word 隹 ("wei") really function in the same as has been demonstrated by previous research? Therefore, we focuses on the 隹 ("wei" ) sentences in the 說命 ("Yue Ming"), and explore their focus distribution and pragmatic purposes. This paper discovers that most of the 隹 ("wei") sentences in 說命 ("Yue Ming") are cleft sentences. Some of them focus on the whole clause, and others focus on the predicate, in accordance with the results of previous studies. While this paper refers to previous interpretations of the text of 說命 ("Yue Ming" ), it also proposes novel opinions and takes issues with aspects of previous studies. Finally, this paper compares 說命 ("Yue Ming") with the 命 ("Ming") chapters in 今文尚書 ("Jinwen Shangshu"), and speculates as to the reason for the considerable number of cleft sentences. I believe that the high proportion of 隹 ("wei" ) sentences is one of the aspects that characterizes 說命 ("Yue Ming") as a 命 ("Ming") chapter.