重譯貢獻－漢代翻譯活動下的朝貢與帝國建構

Retranslation and Tributes: The Tributes During Translation and How Hey Constructed Empire Images in Han Dynasty

10.29419/SICL.202307_(56).0003

華泓嘉(Hua Hung-chia)

漢代 ； 重譯 ； 朝貢 ； 異域 ； 文化翻譯 ； Han dynasty ； Retranslation ； Tribute ； Exotic land ； Cultural translation

中國文學研究

56期（2023 / 07 / 01）

71 - 105

繁體中文;英文

本文以漢代典籍中的「重譯」一詞為本，探究兩漢翻譯活動下的外族、外國朝貢行為，指出除了物質層面的輸入，外來貢獻亦透過翻譯活動使異域文化傳入漢朝，影響著漢帝國自身的文化建構。首先，本文點出了漢代以降翻譯與朝貢之間，同時兼具現實應用與文化意義；其次，經由整理兩漢以來重譯貢獻的物產記錄，說明漢語的譯介使外來物質在漢文化中被接受的過程。最後，指出漢人透過對異域貢獻的文化收編，使自身「珍奇」的概念與異域的邊界想像皆得以重新界定，並影響後世對於漢文化的定義。

This thesis, which centers upon the word "retranslation" (重譯) in books, explores how tribute rendered by foreigners and other countries was presented in translation during the Han dynasty. This paper points out that, alongside the input of materials, exotic cultures that were introduced via translation to the Han dynasty played a part in constructing the culture of the Han empire itself. This thesis points out there have been both practical applications and cultural meanings linking tributes and translation ever since the Han dynasty. Next, the paper undertakes an analysis of the records of tributes made through translation in the Han dynasty, demonstrating how foreign materials came to be accepted through translation. Finally, the thesis points out that people in the Han dynasty, through the cultural integration of foreign tributes enabled by translation, redefined the concept of "precious" and changed the way they imagined the borders separating them from exotic lands. This redefinition has had an influence on how later generations define the culture of the Han dynasty.