初始關係：母性角色達成與親子互動之文獻回顧

The Beginning Relation: A Literature Review of Maternal Role Attainment and Parent-Child Interaction

10.6740/NTUHJN.202401_20(1).0002

鄭淨文(Ching-Wen Cheng)

母性角色達成 ； 親子互動 ； 親職功能 ； Maternal role attainment ； parent-child interaction ； parenting role

臺大護理雜誌

20卷1期（2024 / 01 / 01）

4 - 15

繁體中文;英文

母性角色達成理論於母嬰照護中具有其重要性，本文分別自母性角色達成理論之發展、母性角色達成／成為母親理論之實務應用等兩方面著手，對過往相關文獻進行組織與回顧，歸納親子互動於親職角色之影響，並提出具體照護措施。然而，早期母性角色達成理論因存在時間序列不明之問題，故出現以成為母親理論取而代之的觀點，惟目前學界似有對二項理論持相同看法之趨勢，並與社會生態學結合，卻未改變「女性須藉由複雜的社會化與自我調適過程獲取母性角色」之本質。母嬰於親子互動過程所產生之「依附關係」，以及母親於親子互動過程習得之「母性行為」中逐漸學會如何成為一名母親，多項研究顯示「有能力不代表有信心」，家庭社會支持對母性角色達成信心程度及自我效能具有顯著影響，故建議護理人員提供有效的嬰幼兒照護與互動指導之外，同時也應著重於母親育兒態度與自我效能的發展，對於父親和其他家庭成員，亦須制定個別性的照護計畫，以協助其發展良好照護知識技能及親職功能。

The maternal role attainment (MRA) theory is significant in maternal and infant care. This study organizes and reviews the literature on the development and practical application of MRA/ becoming a mother (BAM) theory, attempts to summarize the influence of parent-child interaction on the parenting role, and proposes specific nursing measures. However, owing to the issue of unclear time sequencing in early MRA theories, the BAM theory emerged to replace it. Currently, there is a trend in academia towards holding similar views on these two theories and integrating them with socio-ecology without changing the essence of "women's maternal role acquisition through complex socialization and self-adjustment processes." Women learn to become mothers through the "attachment relationships" that arise during parent-child interactions and the "maternal behaviors." Several studies have shown that "competence does not mean confidence." Family and social support significantly influence MRA confidence and self-efficacy. Therefore, nursing professionals are recommended to provide effective guidance on infant and child care and interaction as well as focus on the development of maternal child-rearing attitudes and self-efficacy. Individualized care plans should also be developed for fathers and other family members to assist in the development of good caregiving knowledge, skills, and parenting functions.