淬煉於歐—中國共產黨革命領導人與旅歐中國共產主義組織

Forged in Europe: Revolutionary Leaders of the Chinese Communist Party and the European Branches of the Chinese Communist Organizations

10.6853/DADH.202310_(12).0004

林如蓮(Marilyn Levine)

旅歐中國共產主義組織（中共歐） ； 勤工儉學運動 ； 周恩來 ； 趙世炎 ； 任卓宣 ； Chinese Communist Organizations in Europe (ECCO) ； diligent-work frugal-study movement ； Zhou Enlai ； Zhao Shiyan ； Ren Zhuoxuan

數位典藏與數位人文

12期（2023 / 10 / 01）

83 - 120

繁體中文;英文

1922年，旅歐中國共產組織（簡稱「中共歐」）在法國建立。該組織包括中國共產黨旅歐支部和旅歐中國共產主義青年團這兩個團體。該組織的成員包括了一批最有名的中國革命領導人，如周恩來、趙世炎、鄧小平、聶榮臻、朱德、蔡暢、李富春等。本文使用整合式歷史分析對這一組織及其領導人物進行研究。本文使用的新資料包括1985年和1990年在中國大陸展開兩次口述史訪談紀錄和筆者創建的「中國人物傳記資料庫」（China Biographical Database, CBD）。本文對188名中共歐成員的分析都是以這個資料庫為基礎的。本文的分析方法包括三個方面：一、介紹基礎的資料，包括兩次訪談紀錄和中國人物資料庫；二、簡要描述中共歐的形成過程及其領導人對中共歐活動的看法，尤其是最早的三個中共歐秘書—趙世炎、周恩來、任卓宣—在中共歐的角色和地位；三、用定量分析方法（如樹狀圖和網絡分析）來對歷史上團體與個人之間的關係及其意義加以探討。這三種方法的有機結合展示了一個整合式歷史分析法的潛力。

In 1922, the European Chinese Communist Organizations (ECCO) were established in France. The ECCO includes two groups, the Chinese Communist Party Branch in Europe, and the Chinese Communist Youth League in Europe. Members of the organization included some of the most famous Chinese revolutionary leaders, such as Zhou Enlai, Zhao Shiyan, Deng Xiaoping, Nie Rongzhen, Zhu De, Cai Chang, Li Fuchun, etc. This article examines the organization and its leaders using an integrated historical analysis. The article uses two new sources of materials that include two rounds of oral history interviews conducted in mainland China in 1985 and 1990; and the "Chinese Biographical Database" (CBD) created by the author. The analysis of the 188 ECCO members undertaken in this paper is based on this database. The article includes three aspects: 1. An introduction of basic materials, including a discussion of the interviews and the CBD details; 2. Briefly describe the formation process of the ECCO, especially from the views of the three earliest secretaries who influenced the ECCO- Zhao Shiyan, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Zhuoxuan; 3. The utilization of quantitative analytical methods (such as dendrograms and network analysis) allows a more deep analysis of the relationship between groups and individuals in history and their significance. The combination of these three approaches demonstrates the potential of an integrated historical analysis.

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