1943〜1945日軍在台設置飛行場建築型態丕變

Transformations in the building styles of Japanese Military's airfields in Taiwan 1943〜1945

10.6891/9789865796648.201809.0002

霍鵬程(Peng-Cheng Ho)

日飛行場 ； 戰備設施 ； 建築型態與配置 ； 城市紋理 ； Japanese airfields ； military installations ； building styles and layouts ； urban fabric

LSHI 2018聯結x共生:文化傳承與設計創新國際學術研討會論文集

2018年（2018 / 09 / 01）

11 - 20

繁體中文

1943年日軍以「臺灣」為防守基地，準備對盟軍玉碎作戰，在臺戰備設施著重於增建各種類型飛行場，1945年二戰結束時，根據統計日軍在臺總共興建64座飛行場。本研究選擇目前仍在使用的新竹、屏東機場，或已經不復存在的虎尾、宜蘭南機場為研究案例。研究動機:1943年至1945年所興建或擴建飛行場，以及周邊的戰備設施，其建築型態與配置，為因應戰局有何改變。研究目的:欲瞭解臺灣進入決戰時期，戰備設施之建築型態與配置，與非戰時期差異性，以及影響它改變的主要原因。研究方法:利用具代表性的日軍飛行場，比較分析機場建築物與配置，戰時與非戰時期的差異性。本研究以時間軸、空間軸的方式，連結當時臺灣總督府因應戰爭的施政措施，發現1944年3月臺灣總督府公告「臺灣決戰非常措施要綱」，與當時興建的戰備設施有重大的關聯性，戰備設施建築型態素簡化，並非完全因為戰時物資短缺的緣故。

In preparation for the all-out suicide attack against the Allied Forces, the Japanese Army fortified Taiwan as its defensive base in 1943 and constructed various types of airfields as part of its military installation constructions. By the end of World War II in 1945, it was estimated that the Japanese Military had built a total of 64 airfields in Taiwan. In this study, the author chose the Hsinchu and Pingtung Airports that are currently in use and the nonexistent Huwei and Southern Yilan Airfields as the study examples. This study seeks to investigate how the airfields that were constructed or expanded between 1943 and 1945, as well as the building styles and layouts of the surrounding military installations have adapted to the needs of the war. Study objectives: to understand the building styles and layouts of Taiwan's military installations during the decisive battle period and to compare their differences with the peace-time settings, and the main reasons for their changes. Study methods: representative Japanese-built airfields were chosen for analysis on the airfield buildings and installations, and their differences between wartime and peacetime were compared. The study linked the wartime policies of the Governor-General of Taiwan in both spatial and temporal axis. It was found that the ＂Outlines of Emergency Measures for Taiwan Decisive Battle＂ promulgated in March of 1944 by the Governor-General of Taiwan was significantly related to the military installations built at the time; the austere designs of the military buildings were not completely attributed to shortage of resources during wartime.