設計師如何走入田野－以望安花宅為例

When designers met stakeholders - Taking Wangan Huazhai for example

10.6891/9789865796648.201809.0019

張韶育(Chang Shao-Yu)；翁註重(Wong Ju-Joan)

參與式設計 ； 花宅聚落 ； 關係建構 ； Participatory design ； Huazhai Settlement ； Relationship Building

LSHI 2018聯結x共生:文化傳承與設計創新國際學術研討會論文集

2018年（2018 / 09 / 01）

239 - 247

繁體中文

參與式設計於70年代發展至今，已有諸多正反面的相關評論。其中不乏對設計方法、範例的相關論文，也有發展設計者與參與者間的關係，或改以共創(co-creation)型式，作為改善參與式設計缺點的論述。除參與者的投入程度會影響設計過程的結果外，設計師與參與者的關係亦可促進彼此信任的建立。那麼，兩者的夥伴關係是如何形成的？是故，本研究以台灣澎湖縣望安鄉中社村的花宅聚落為例，採用「參與觀察法」(Participant observation)，進行田野資料的採集；探討設計團隊在進入場域後，如何與社區居民達成夥伴關係，以及在此一過程中影響設計者和參與者互動的因素，最終提出三點，即(1)坦然示弱：設計者坦承自身對地方經驗、知識的缺乏，並尋求居民的協助，藉以建立關係；(2)多元角色的承擔：設計師的角色不再單一，須承擔更多元的角色與職責，如培養敏銳度，梳理居民與居民間的交互關係，居中傳遞、協調的中介角色；(3)性別因素：田野的文化特性所形成的性別分工，設計師可依循其文化脈絡切入，發展關係建立的契機。基於以上幾點，田野內的設計者與社區居民關係得以建立、並且持續深化，擴展；而設計者與與居民的界線亦逐漸模糊。設計者與居民也由原先的兩個互不交集的團體，進而交集，聚合成為一體。

Participatory design originates from Scandinavia in the 1980s and 1990s, with a focus on bringing designers/developers and participants together for product design or system development. So far there have been a large number of positive and negative comments. Among them, multiple papers take the design methods, examples, development of the relationship between designers and participants or cocreation as an argument to improve the weakness of participatory design. The design process is not only affected by the degrees of community participation, but also the relationship between designers and participants. In order to explore the partnership between designers and participants, this study takes the Huazhai Settlement in Zhongshe Village, Wangan Township, Penghu County, Taiwan as an example to discuss how the design team of National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST) can reach a partnership with residents after entering the site. The project's field, Huazhai Settlement, is an important historical site in the history of the Han people who migrated from China to Taiwan. Despite its prosperity history, the population has dropped from more than 1,000 to 321 after World War II. The resident population is only about 60, most of whom are elders. In 2003, the World Monuments Fund included the Huazhai into the ＂List of 100 most endangered sites ＂. The design team of NYUST entered the field in 2016 for settlement revitalization and management planning. This study based on the movement of the design team of NYUST, using the ＂Participant Observation ＂ to collect data, further explores the factors influencing the interactions between designers and participants. From this study, it is concluded 3 methods: when the designers entered the field to establish relationship with participants, they may (1) frankly show their weaknesses: Designers confessed their lack of local experience and knowledge, sought the assistance of participants, and promoted theinteraction between the two parties. (2) Responsibility of multiple roles: After entering the field, in the face of the characteristics of the field, designers assumed more diverse roles and responsibilities. (3) Gender factors: Based on the gender division of labor in the field culture, the team respected the cultural context and turn it into an opportunity available to designers. Based on the above points, the relationship between designers and participants in the field has been established, and continues to deepen and expand; the boundary between designers and residents has also gradually blurred. From two non-intersecting groups, designers and participants integrated with each other and integrated as one.