男性酒駕累犯「酒癮者」的敘事分析

A Narrative Analysis of Male Drunk Driving Recidivism among Alcoholics

10.6905/JC.202407_13(2).0005

林郁真(Lin Yu-Jen)；林東龍(Lin Dong-Long)

酒駕累犯「酒癮者」 ； 緩起訴附命戒癮治療 ； 酒癮治療 ； 敘事分析 ； drunk driving recidivism ； addiction treatment via deferred prosecution ； treatment of alcohol addiction ； narrative analysis

矯政期刊

13卷2期（2024 / 07 / 01）

155 - 186

繁體中文;英文

在媒體熱衷於採訪事故現場和帶有情緒的播報渲染下，酒駕者被型塑成殘忍與萬惡不赦，社會輿論亦對酒駕行為感到憤怒。同時，酒駕累犯者也可能在檢察官要求接受精神醫療評估下，成為「酒癮者」。然而，酒駕累犯「酒癮者」對於自身被診斷具酒癮且需進行治療而感到委屈。明顯的，酒癮者在台灣司法與精神醫療體制去脈絡化和個人歸因的理解方式下，其聲音在現行體制是不被聽見的。因此，本研究從酒駕累犯「酒癮者」自身觀點出發，依其生命歷程來理解其使用酒精之路和對自身酒癮，及緩起訴附命戒癮治療之看法，期待對實務工作者如何與酒駕累犯「酒癮者」一同工作提供建議。本研究採取敘事分析法（narrative analysis），針對三位男性酒駕累犯「酒癮者」深度訪談，蒐集其個人飮酒的生命故事，並輔病歷紀錄、地檢署轉介單等進行分析。研究發現有四：1.酒駕累犯「酒癮者」的飮酒歷程，總共分為五個階段，分別為「第一杯黃湯下肚」、「走上持續飮酒的道路」、「失序的風暴」、「想做淸醒的酒鬼－選擇減／戒酒原因」、「控制飮酒之路」；2.酒駕除了是因自認能控制飮酒量、心存僥倖等個人因素外，亦受同伴酒駕的從眾效應影響；3.相較於門診治療，團體心理治療較能讓他們彼此互相分享與同理，促使減／戒酒意願；4.酒駕累犯「酒癮者」否認酒癮的標籤，且多不認同緩起訴以戒癮為目標，而是應將目標訂於避免酒駕。研究建議有三：1.酒駕罰則應針對個人與情境進行調整，而非僅依據一致性的罰則；2.緩起訴附命戒癮治療應審視酒駕累犯「酒癮者」實際需求，提供支持與陪伴，並多開辦團體心理治療，增進戒癮動機與預防酒駕再犯；3.助人專業者應審視自身對於酒駕累犯「酒癮者」態度和處遇視角，考量其生命經驗與社會脈絡，進行全方面評估與處遇。

Drunk driving recidivism is frequently described as cruel and unpardonably vicious particularly when the media are keen on interviewing victims at the accident scene and announcing their pathetic situation with emotional and dramatic exaggeration; hence, the public is angry about drunken drivers. Meanwhile, drunk driving recidivism should require prosecutors to carry out a psychiatric examination that defines offenders as "alcoholics". However, drunk driving recidivism among alcoholics occurs where they subsequently feel wronged by their actual diagnosis with alcohol use disorder. Apparently, under the decontextualization and personal attribution of the judicial and psychiatric systems, the voice of drunk driving recidivism among alcoholics is not heard in the current situation. Accordingly, this research investigates drunk driving recidivism from the point of view of alcoholics, and bases evidence from their life course to enable them to self-actualize their path to alcohol use while viewing their own addiction to alcohol and subsequent treatment via deferred prosecution. The authors anticipate providing suggestions for practitioners in working in this field of drunk driving recidivism among alcoholics. This research adopts narrative analysis, conducts in-depth interviews with three male drunk driving recidivism cases among alcoholics to collect their life stories of personal drinking, and then analyzes their medical records and referral forms from the office of the district prosecutors. Four key takeaways were discovered: 1) the alcohol drinking process of drunk driving recidivism among alcoholics includes the first time drinking, continual drinking, loss of control, the reason for choosing drinking, and control of drinking; 2) in their opinion, in addition to controlling their drinking capacity in risk-taking (for driving a vehicle mainly), the bandwagon (social desirability response set) effect of drinking and driving among drinking companions also produces impact; 3) compared with outpatient treatment, group psychotherapy can better allow them to share and empathize with each other and promote their reduction/quitting drinking; and 4) drunk driving recidivism among alcoholics tends to deny the stigma of alcohol addiction. The majority disagree with deferred prosecution that aims toward helping the addicted quit drinking; additionally, deferred prosecution aims toward avoiding drunk driving. This research suggests three points： 1) drunk driving policies should be adjusted to the individual and the situation, rather than according to consistent punishment; 2) addiction treatment via deferred prosecution should examine the actual requirement of drunk driving recidivism among alcoholics through providing support and companionship through group psychotherapy to increase motivation for addiction recovery and prevent drunk driving recidivism; and finally 3) helping professionals should examine their own attitudes, expectations and perspective of treatment in consideration of the offenders' life experience and social context, thereby conducting comprehensive and appropriate assessment and interventional treatment.