自閉症青少年的社會技巧訓練

Social skills training for adolescents with autism

10.7034/DSE.202006_(69).0002

林翠英(Tsui-Ying Lin)

自閉症 ； 青少年 ； 社會技巧 ； Autism ； adolescents ； social skills

特殊教育發展期刊

69期（2020 / 06 / 01）

17 - 27

繁體中文

本文論述自閉症會有顯著社會互動及溝通困難，追溯其成長歷程發現自閉症在兒童階段的問題會衍伸至青少年階段的困難。透過探討自閉症青少年的社會技巧問題，社會技巧訓練課程設計是改善自閉症青少年的社會技巧關鍵，根據國內、外專家學者看法，筆者建議社會技巧訓練課程設計宜強調：一、社會技巧介入焦點：（一）找出學生的社會技巧缺陷問題來設計社會技巧訓練課程內容；（二）透過感受力訓練課程（sensitivity training lessons）增進正常同儕多接受自閉症學生。二、有效能的教導方式：（一）教導自閉症青少年對話技巧宜採團體教學方式較有效能；（二）教師們宜進行追蹤受訓練者將技能應用在真實生活情境中的狀況，才是落實遷移類化能力的做法。三、社會技巧內容：（一）從初階社會技巧到進階社會技巧；（二）強調自我改善技巧和與人共處技巧；（三）運用在家庭、學校、職場、同儕及社區等5個情境；（四）重視處理霸凌事件、轉換名聲去除惡名、解決衝突事件及處理閒言閒語等技巧。以上都是自閉症青少年面對的問題，這些重要的課程內容值得中等特教教師將之納入社會技巧訓練。

This article reported that individuals with autism involved impairment in social interactions and communication. According to the child's development process, there were some issues of autism in childhood and adolescence. Through the exploration of social skills problems of autistic adolescents, this article emphasized: 1. Social skills training intervention: (1) to design social skills training course in terms of social skills deficits of autistic students (2) to design sensitivity training lessons for typical peers to be more accepting autistic adolescents. 2. Effective teaching strategies: (1) social skills training groups is effective teaching strategies (2) teachersneed tofollow up the lesson for generalization for autistic students. 3. Social skills training contents including (1)both basic social skills and advance skills (2)skills for self-improvement and skills for being around others (3) using social skills ( at home, at school, at work, with peers, and in the community) (4) skills for handling physical bullying, handling bad reputations, handling arguments, and handling gossip. Suggested those important social skills training contents for special education teachers of adolescents with autism.

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