從震災重建經驗中累積智慧

The Accumulated Wisdom of Experiencing Earthquake Disaster Recovery

吳崑茂(Wu, Kun-mao)

921地震 ； 震災重建 ； 住宅重建 ； 震災重建經驗 ； Chi-Chi earthquake ； earthquake disaster recovery ； residence reconstruction ； earthquake recovery experience

檔案季刊

8卷3期（2009 / 09 / 01）

68 - 82

繁體中文

人類對抗天然災害的經驗是世界共同的無形財富。921震災重建累積許多寶貴經驗，值得重視。震災重建項目中，公共建設順利推展，住宅重建方面，個別住宅重建尚稱順利，但在集合住宅重建、臨時住宅拆除及安置落後。臺灣住宅重建參考許多日本阪神震災的重建經驗，像貸款本息展延、以公費辦理建築物安全鑑定及廢棄物清除、提供臨時住宅等。臺灣在震災重建有些措施甚有創意，包括斷層帶土地「以地易地」、平價住宅「先租後售」、原貸款由銀行與貸款戶協議承受、集合住宅修繕制度，甚受國外學者肯定。本研究建議政府健全防災體制；興建出租公屋，按經濟條件收費；慰助金按經濟條件分級發給；公共建設要有前瞻性，不以復舊為滿足；擴大重建區公共建設投資，發展地方特色產業，促進就業；水土保持工作必須跨部會整合，有效治理等。

Experience in confronting natural disasters is a priceless fortune of human beings all over the world. It was worth of paying attention to the consequences of the Chi-Chi earthquake disaster recovery that accumulated plenty of experience. The recovery of Chi-Chi earthquake accumulated many precious experiences. Public construction preceded in all reconstruction items as well as individual housing reconstruction. However, the congregate housing reconstruction, temporary housing dismantling and victim residence settlement were far behind the schedule. The housing reconstruction project in Taiwan comprehensively referred to the experience of Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake recovery, such as deferment payment of principal and interest of a loan, building safety inspection, waste treatment and temporary residence offering, etc., which are all at government expense. Some foreign researchers highly affirmed part of recovery policies in Taiwan, which was quite creative, including lands exchange in fault zone, renting before purchasing for fair-cost housing, original loans reduction agreement, and the institution of congregate housing repair. This article suggests the government to enhance our government precautionary system that includes offering public houses rental services, subsidy and compensation expense in terms of individual financial situation. Not only to consider how to recover original public construction, but also to expand investment and improving occupation taking rate in the local industry of the reconstruction area. As for soil and water conservation, the government must integrate with different ministries for governing effectively.

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