有憲法地位之國際人權條約對於憲法解釋機關之影響：審視波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納之實踐

Impacts of International Human Rights Treaties with Constitutional Status on Constitutional Interpretation Mechanism: Review of Practices in Bosnia and Herzegovina

廖福特(Fort Fu-Te LIAO)

波士尼亞和平協議 ； 波士尼亞憲法 ； 波士尼亞憲法法院 ； 波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納 ； 國際人權條約 ； 歐洲人權公約 ； 歐洲人權法院 ； 憲法 ； Bosnia Peace Agreement ； Bosnia Constitution ； Bosnia Constitutional Court ； Bosnia and Herzegovina ； International Human Rights Treaty ； European Convention on Human Rights ； European Court of Human Rights ； Constitution

台灣國際法學刊

19卷1期（2022 / 10 / 01）

47 - 128

繁體中文;英文

國際人權條約之國內實踐與其在國際監督實踐是一樣重要的，因為國際監督之目標也是希望達到國際人權條約在國內實踐之目標。自1990年以後已有許多國家將國際人權規範納入其國內憲法中，並可區分為四種模式。波士尼亞憲法與國際人權緊密互動，明文規定應確保國際承認之最高標準的人權之實踐、直接適用歐洲人權公約、例示權利清單、不歧視地享有國際條約所保障之權利，更直接規定憲法人權條款不得修改。波士尼亞憲法法院法官之組成兼顧民族均衡及國際化。憲法法院將國際標準帶入波士尼亞之憲法思考中，亦高度適用歐洲人權公約。不過聯合國人權監督機制及歐洲人權法院亦可能提出不同於憲法法院之意見，這是即使憲法直接規範憲法解釋機關必須適用國際人權條約，亦無法迴避之課題。

Domestic implementation and international monitoring of international human rights treaties are equally important, as the goal of international monitoring is also to achieve domestic implementation. Since 1990s there are many states who incorporate international human rights norms into domestic constitutions, and they can be distinguished into four main models. Bosnian Constitution has tightness connection with international human rights system, including norms of admitting the highest international human rights standards, directly apply the ECHR, listing Bill of Rights, enjoying international human rights without discrimination. It is even ruled in Constitution that Bill of Rights is not amendable. Judges compose of the Constitutional Court tries to balance among races and include international judges. The Constitutional Court brings international human rights standards into its judgments and applies the ECHR intensively. However, the UN human rights monitoring committees and the European Court of Human Rights may present different opinions from those of the Constitutional Court. It is not avoidable, even when a constitution directly rules that the constitutional interpretation mechanism has duty of applying international human right treaties.

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