Omega-3 Fatty Acids Could Alleviate the Risks of Traumatic Brain Injury - A Mini Review

10.4103/2225-4110.130374

Parvathy R. Kumar；Musthafa Mohamed Essa；Samir Al-Adawi；Ghazi Dradekh；Mushtaq A. Memon；Mohammed Akbar；Thamilarasan Manivasagam

Brain trauma ； Neuronal damage ； Omega-3 fatty acids ； Oman ； Traumatic brain injury

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

4卷2期（2014 / 03 / 01）

89 - 92

英文

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired brain trauma that occurs when any sudden trauma/injury causes damage to the brain. TBI is characterized by tissue damage and imbalance in the cerebral blood flow and metabolism. It has been established through laboratory experiments that the dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) could reduce the oxidative stress developed in brain due to TBI. The inclusion of omega-3 FA in diet could normalize the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and thus, it could restore the survival of neuronal cells. BDNF improves the synaptic transmission by regulating synapsin 1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein. The brain tissue analysis of TBI models supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid and protein oxidation, thereby promoting neuronal and glial cell survival. Thus, omega-3 FA intake could be considered as a therapeutic option to reduce the secondary neuronal damages initiated by TBI.

1. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/Page last reviewed: March 6, 2014.
2. Akbar, M,Calderon, F,Wen, Z,Kim, KY(2005).Docosahexaenoic acid: A positive modulator of Akt signaling in neuronal survival.Proc Natl Acad Sci,102,10858-10863.
3. Bayir, H,Kagan, VE,Borisenko, GG,Tyurina, YY,Janesko, KL,Vagni, VA(2005).Enhanced oxidative stress in iNOS‑deficient mice after traumatic brain injury: Support for a neuroprotective role of iNOS.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,25,673-684.
4. Chong, ZZ,Li, F,Maiese, K(2005).Oxidative stress in the brain: Novel cellular targets that govern survival during neurodegenerative disease.Prog Neurobiol,75,207-246.
5. du Bois, TM,Deng, C,Bell, W,Huang, XF(2006).Fatty acids differentially affect serotonin receptor and transporter binding in the rat brain.Neuroscience,139,1397-1403.
6. Dudek, H,Datta, SR,Franke, TF,Birnbaum, MJ,Yao, R,Cooper, GM(1997).Regulation of neuronal survival by the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt.Science,275,661-665.
7. Eady, TN,Belayev, L,Khoutorova, L,Atkins, KD,Zhang, C,Bazan, NG(2012).Docosahexaenoic acid signaling modulates cell survival in experimental ischemic stroke penumbra and initiates long-term repair in young and aged rats.PLoS One,7,e46151.
8. Essa, MM,Vijayan, RK,Castellano-Gonzalez, G,Memon, MA,Braidy, N,Guillemin, GJ(2012).Neuroprotective effect of natural products against Alzheimer’s disease.Neurochem Res,37,1829-1842.
9. Farooqui, AA,Horrocks, LA,Farooqui, T(2007).Modulation of inflammation in brain: A matter of fat.J Neurochem,101,577-599.
10. Florent, S,Malaplate-Armand, C,Youssef, I,Kriem, B,Koziel, V,Escanyé, MC(2006).Docosahexaenoic acid prevents neuronal apoptosis induced by solubleamyloid-b oligomers.J Neurochem,96,385-395.
11. Klein, J(2000).Membrane breakdown in acute and chronic neurodegeneration: Focus on choline-containing phospholipids.J Neural Transm,107,1027-1063.
12. Lamptey, MS,Walker, BL(1976).A possible essential role for dietary linolenic acid in the development of the young rat.J Nutr,106,86-93.
13. Lewis, M,Ghassemi, P,Hibbeln, J(2013).Therapeutic use of omega-3 fatty acids in severe head trauma.Am J Emerg Med,31,273.e5-273.e8.
14. Michael-Titus, AT(2007).Omega-3 fatty acids and neurological Injury.Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids,77,295-300.
15. Mills, JD,Bailes, JE,Sedney, CL,Hutchins, H,Sears, B(2011).Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and reduction of traumatic axonal injury in a rodent head injury model.J Neurosurg,114,77-84.
16. Shao, C,Roberts, KN,Markesbery, WR,Scheff, SW,Lovell, MA(2006).Oxidative stress in head trauma imaging.Free Radic Biol Med,41,77-85.
17. Shin, SS,Dixon, CE(2011).Oral fish oil restores striatal dopamine release after traumatic brain injury.Neuroscience Letters,496,168-171.
18. Sullivan, PG,Rabchevsky, AG,Waldmeier, PC,Springer, JE(2005).Mitochondrial permeability transition in CNS trauma: Cause or effect of neuronal cell death?.J Neurosci Res,79,231-239.
19. Thurman, D,Guerrero, J(1999).Trends in hospitalization traumatic brain injury.JAMA,282,954-957.
20. Tyagi, E,Agrawal, R,Ying, Z,Gomez-Pinilla, F(2014).TBI and sex : Crucial role of progesterone protecting the brain in an omega-3 deficient condition.Experimental Neurology,253,41-51.
21. Wu, A,Gomez-Pinilla, F(2011).The salutary effects of DHA dietary supplementation on cognition, neuroplastisity, and membrane homeostasis after brain trauma.J Neurotrauma,28,2113-2122.
22. Wu, A,Ying, Z,Gomez-Pinilla, F(2004).Dietary omega-3 fatty acids normalize BDNF levels, reduce oxidative damage, and counteract learning disability after traumatic brain injury in rats.J Neurotrauma,21,1457-1467.
23. Yamamoto, N,Saitoh, M,Moriuchi, A,Nomura, M,Okuyama, H(1987).Effect of dietaryα-linolenate/linoleate balance on brain lipid compositions and learning ability of rats.J Lipid Res,28,144-151.
24. Ying, Z,Agrawal, R,Zhuang, Y,Gomez-Pinilla, F(2012).Dietary Omega-3 Deficiency from Gestation Increases Spinal Cord Vulnerability to Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Damage.Plos One,7,e52998.