Free radical scavenging ability of Aspalathus linearis in two in vitro models of diabetes and cancer

10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.009

Viduranga Y. Waisundara；Lee Yian Hoon

antioxidant ； reactive oxygen species ； Rooibos tea ； superoxide dismutase ； catalase

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

5卷3期（2015 / 07 / 01）

174 - 178

英文

The free radical scavenging activity of Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos tea) and its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in two in vitro disease models of cancer and diabetes. Although the antioxidant activity of this tea has been reported in several studies, its effects in disease models of ROS-induced oxidative stress have not been systematically evaluated to date. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was used in this study to quantify the antioxidant capacity of the extract, whereas the ROS scavenging ability in hyperglycemia-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HeLa cells were investigated. The CAT and SOD assays were also carried out in the two disease models in order to evaluate the effect of the extract in the stimulation of these two enzyme activities. The extract was observed to have reduced ROS in a dose-dependent manner in both HUVECs and HeLa cells. The stimulation of the CAT and SOD enzyme activities were observed to be dose-dependent as well. The high ORAC value of the extract indicated the presence of antioxidant compounds which could directly quench ROS, whereby this mechanism of action could be hypothesized to have been further complemented through the stimulation of CAT and SOD. Overall, the Aspalathus linearis extract was observed to have increased the CAT and SOD activities in two in vitro disease models of cancer and hyperglycemia. Given the correlation between the ORAC values, the increases in CAT and SOD activities and the reduction in ROS in a dose-dependent manner, it could be hypothesized that the extract had a significant therapeutic potential for either the prevention of the onset of the two diseases or their progression because ROS has been identified as their root causes.

1. Atoui, AK,Mansouri, A,Boskou, G,Kefalas, P(2005).Tea and herbal infusions: their antioxidant activity and phenolic profile.Food Chem,89,27-36.
2. Bramati, L,Minoggio, M,Gardana, C,Simonetti, P,Mauri, P,Pietta, P(2002).Quantitative characterization of flavonoid compounds in Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) by LC-UV/DAD.J Agric Food Chem,50,5513-5519.
3. Brownlee, M(2005).The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism.Diabetes,54,1615-1625.
4. Chang, YL.(2013).Challenges in providing credible scientific evidence of health benefits of dietary polyphenols.J Func Food.,5,524-526.
5. Chen, HY,Lin, YC,Hsieh, CL(2007).Evaluation of antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of some selected nutraceutical herbs.Food Chem,104,1418-1424.
6. Chu, YH,Chang, CL,Hsu, HF(2000).Flavonoid content of several vegetables and their antioxidant activity.J Sci Food Agric,80,561-566.
7. Danial, NN,Korsmeyer, SJ(2004).Cell death: critical control points.Cell,116,205-219.
8. Denicourt, C,Dowdy, SF(2004).Targeting apoptotic pathways in cancer cells.Science,305,1411-1413.
9. Dimitrios, B(2006).Sources of natural phenolic antioxidants.Trends Food Sci Tech,17,505-512.
10. Dufresne, CJ,Farnworth, ER(2001).A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea.J Nutr Biochem,12,404-421.
11. Finkel, T(1998).Oxygen radicals and signalling.Curr Opin Cell Biol,10,248-253.
12. Frankel, EN,Finley, JW(2008).How to standardize the multiplicity of methods to evaluate natural antioxidants.J Agric Food Chem,56,4901-4908.
13. Gutteridge, JM,Halliwell, B.(1996).Antioxidants in Nutrition, Health, and Disease.New York, NY:Oxford University Press Inc.
14. Hannon-Fletcher, MPA,O'Kane, MJ,Moles, KW,Weatherup, C,Barnett, CR,Barnett, YA(2000).Levels of peripheral blood cell DNA damage in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus human subjects.Mutat Res,460,53-60.
15. Huang, D,Ou, BX,Hampsch-Woodill, M,Flanagan, JA,Deemer, EK(2002).Development and validation of oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay for lipophilic antioxidants using randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin as the solubility enhancer.J Agric Food Chem,50,1815-1821.
16. Huang, DJ,Ou, BX,Hampsch-Woodill, M,Flanagan, JA,Prior, RL(2002).High-throughput assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) using a multi-channel liquid handling system coupled with a microplate fluorescence reader in 96-well format.J Agric Food Chem,50,4437-4444.
17. Joubert, E,Winterton, P,Britz, TJ,Gelderblom, WCA(2005).Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of aqueous extracts and crude polyphenolic fractions of Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis).J Agric Food Chem,53,10260-10267.
18. Kunishiro, K,Tai, A,Yamamoto, I(2001).Effects of Rooibos tea extract on antigen-specific antibody production and cytokine generation in vitro and in vivo.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,65,2137-2145.
19. Lim, YY,Lim, TT,Tee, JJ(2007).Antioxidant properties of several tropical fruits: a comparative study.Food Chem,103,1003-1008.
20. Moon, JK,Shibamoto, T(2009).Antioxidant assays for plant and food components.J Agric Food Chem,57,1655-1666.
21. Nemoto, S,Takeda, K,Yu, ZX,Ferrans, VJ,Finkel, T(2000).A role for mitochondrial oxidants as regulators of cellular metabolism.Mol Cell Biol,20,7311-7318.
22. Nishikawa, T,Edelstein, D,Du, XL(2000).Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycemic damage.Nature,404,787-790.
23. Nordwall, M,Bojestig, M,Arnqvist, HJ,Ludvigsson, J(2004).Declining incidence of severe retinopathy and persisting decrease of nephropathy in an unselected population of type I diabetes: the Linköping diabetes complications study.Diabetologia,46,1266-1272.
24. Onaran, I,Guven, GS,Ozdas, SB,Kanigur, G,Vehid, S(2006).Metformin does not prevent DNA damage in lymphocytes despite its antioxidant properties against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress.Mutat Res,611,1-8.
25. Pelicano, H,Carney, D,Huang, P(2005).ROS stress in cancer cells and therapeutic implications.Drug Resist Update,7,97-110.
26. Rieux-Laucat, F,Fischer, A,Deist, FL(2003).Cell-death signaling and human disease.Curr Opin Immunol,15,325-331.
27. Serafini, M(2006).Back to the origin of the "antioxidant hypothesis": the lost role of the antioxidant network in disease prevention.J Sci Food Agric,86,1989-1991.
28. Singleton, VL,Rossi, JA(1965).Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents.Am J Eno Vit,16,1644-1658.
29. The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group,Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group(2007).Longterm defects of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function.N Engl J Med,356,1842-1852.
30. Van Poppel, G(1993).Carotenoids and cancer: an update with emphasis on human intervention studies.Eur J Canc,29A,1335-1344.
31. von Gadow, A,Joubert, E,Hansmann, CF(1997).Comparison of the antioxidant activity of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) with green, oolong, and black tea.Food Chem,60,73-77.
32. Waisundara, VY,Hsu, A,Huang, DJ,Tan, BKH(2008).Scutellaria baicalensis enhances the antidiabetic activity of Metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats.Am J Chinese Med.,36,517-540.
33. Waisundara, VY,Huang, MQ,Hsu, A,Huang, DJ,Tan, BKH(2008).Characterization of the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Rehmannia Glutinosa in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats.Am J Chinese Med.,36,1083-1104.
34. Yokozawa, T,Dong, E,Nakagawa, T(1998).In vitro and in vivo studies on the radical scavenging activity of tea.J Agric Food Chem,46,2143-2150.