题名

Aqueous extract of Carica papaya Linn. roots potentially attenuates arsenic induced biochemical and genotoxic effects in Wistar rats

DOI

10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.001

作者

Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo；Adebola Busola Ojo；Olayinka Awoyinka；Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye；Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye；Olukemi Adetutu Osukoya；Israel Idowu Olayide；Adejoke Ibitayo

关键词

Carica papaya Linn. root extract ； Arsenic ； Genotoxicity ； Blood lipid profile ； Liver antioxidant enzymes ； 8-OHdG ； Chromosomal aberrations ； DNA damage

期刊名称

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

卷期/出版年月

8卷2期（2018 / 04 / 01）

页次

324 - 334

内容语文

英文
中文摘要

In Africa, the fruit, leaf, seed and roots of Carica papaya Linn. are generally used to treat a variety of diseases such as malaria, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the protective potentials of aqueous extract of C. papaya roots on arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects in Wistar rats. Rats were induced intraperitoneal with sodium arsenate (dissolved in distilled water at 3 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days and the animals were administered simultaneously with 200 mg/kg body weight vitamin C, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of the C. papaya Linn. root aqueous extract once daily for three weeks. Results obtained reveals that activities of plasma 8-OHdG, serum lipids concentration, atherogenic index (AI), coronary artery index (CRI), aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin levels were elevated significantly (p ＜ 0.05) and catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, plasma hematological profile were progressively reduced (p ＜ 0.05) in arsenic-alone exposed rats. Significant increase in the quantity of chromosomal aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN) frequency, oxidative damages in the bone marrow cells from arsenic alone rats was observed. Though, mitotic index scores in these cells were progressively reduced (p ＜ 0.05). In animals administered with aqueous extract of C. papaya roots and vitamin C, the altered parameters were significantly recovered towards the levels observed in normal control rats. These results suggest that aqueous C. papaya roots preparations might have therapeutic potential as a supplement that can be applied in arsenic poisoning.
主题分类 醫藥衛生 > 中醫藥學
参考文献
  1. Agarwal, DK,Chauhan, LKS(1993).An improved chemical substitute for fetal calf serum for the micronucleus test.Biotechnol Histochem,68(4),187-188.
  2. Al. Bekairi, AM,Qureshi, S,Chaudhryand, MA,Smh, AH(1991).Uric acids inhibitor of cyclophosphamide - induced micronuclei in mice.Mut Res,262,115-118.
  3. Ashafa, OT,Yakubu, MT,Grierson, DS,Afolayan, AJ(2009).Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Felicia muricata Thunb. leaves in Wistar rats.Afr J Biotechnol,8,949-954.
  4. Atanasov, AG,Waltenberger, B,Pferschy-Wenzig, EM(2015).Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review.Biotechnol Adv,33(8),1582-1614.
  5. Ayoola, PB,Adeyeye, A(2010).Phytochemical and nutrient evaluation of Carica papaya (pawpaw) leaves.Int J Res Rev Appl Sci.,5(3),325-328.
  6. Baiyewu, RA,Amusa, NA(2005).The effect of temperature and relative humidity on pawpaw fruit rot in south- western Nigeria.Wr J Agric Sci.,1(1),80-83.
  7. Ballentine, R,Burford, DD(1957).Determination of metals.Meth Enzymol,3,1002-1035.
  8. Boers, M,Nurmohamed, MT,Doelman, CJ(2003).Influence of glucocorticoids and disease activity on total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis.,62,842-845.
  9. Boulikas, T.(1991).Relation between carcinogenesis, chromatin structure and poly (ADP-ribosylation) (review).Anticancer Res,11,489-527.
  10. Bruce, S,Peter, CA.(2008).Handbook of Environmental Physiology of Fruit Crops.
  11. Calderon, J,Navarro, ME,Jimenez-Capdeville, ME(2001).Exposure to arsenic and lead and neuropsychological development in Mexican children.Environ Res,85,69-76.
  12. Chang, LW,Suzuki, T.(1996).Toxicology of Metals.Boca Raton. FL:CRC Press.
  13. Chen, CJ,Hsueh, YM(1995).Increased prevalence of hypertension and long-term arsenic exposure.Hypertension,25,53-60.
  14. Cheng, LW(ed.)(1996).The Toxicology of Metals.Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press.
  15. Chiou, HY,Chiou, ST,Hsu, YH(2001).Incidence of transitional cell carcinoma and arsenic in drinking water: a follow up study of 8102 residents in an arseniasis-endemic area in north-eastern Taiwan.Am J Epidemiol,153,411-418.
  16. Cui, XS,Shraim, A,Kobayashi, Y(2004).Subchronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water alters expressions of cancer-related genes in rat liver.Toxicol Pathol,32,64-72.
  17. Dick, G(2003)."Papaya": A Tantalising Taste of the Tropics.MASTER GARDENER JOURNAL,August/September
  18. FAO. FAOSTAT: Core Production Data. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organsation of the United Nations; 2004. available online at http://fao.org/site/340/default.aspx
  19. Friedewald, WT,Levy, RI,Fredrickson, DS(1972).Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein in plasma, without use of the preventive ultracentrifuge.Clin Chem,18,499-502.
  20. Gebel, TW(2001).Genotoxicity of arsenical compounds.Int J Hyg Environ Health,203,249-262.
  21. Ghosh, P,Basu, A,Singh, KK,Giri, AK(2008).Evaluation of cell types for assessment of cytogenetic damage in arsenic exposed population.Mol Cancer,7(1),45-51.
  22. Hafeman, DG,Sunde, RA,Hoekstra, WG(1974).Effect of dietary selenium on erythrocyte and liver glutathione peroxidase in the rat.J Nutr,104,580-587.
  23. Hardman, JG(ed.),Gilman, AG(ed.),Limbird, LE(ed.)(1996).Goodman and Gilmans: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  24. Hart, JW,Engberg-Pederson, H(1983).Statistics of the mouse bone marrow micro-nucleus test counting distribution and evaluation of results.Mutat Be,111,195-207.
  25. Hei, TK,Liu, SX,Waldren, C(1998).Mutagenicity of arsenic in mammalian cells: role of reactive oxygen species.Proc Natl Acad Sci.,95,8103-8107.
  26. Hollander, A(ed.)(1976).Chemical Mutagens, Principles and Methods for Their Detection.New York:Plenum Press.
  27. Hossain, SJ,El-Sayed, MA,Mohamed, AH,Shehed, M,Aoshima, H(2009).Phenolic content, anti-oxidative, anti- a-amylase and anti- a-glucosidase activities of Solanum diphyllum L.Bangladesh J Bot,38,139.
  28. International Agency for Research on Cancer(1987).IARC monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans- Overall evaluation of carcinogenicity. An Update IARC Monogr. 1987;1 to 42(suppl 7).Lyon:International Agency for Research on Cancer.
  29. Islam, K,Haque, A,Karim, R(2011).Dose-response relationship between arsenic exposure and the serum enzymes for liver function tests in the individuals exposed to arsenic: a cross sectional study in Bangladesh.Environ Health,10,64-74.
  30. Jari, S(2009).Jari S. Papayas Are Yummy Easy to Grow. University of Hawaii- Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources; 2009..
  31. Kirkman, HN,Gaetani, GF(1984).Catalase: a tetrameric enzyme with four tightly bound molecules of NADPH.Proc Natl Acad Sci.,81,4343-4347.
  32. Kitchin, KT(2001).Recent advances in arsenic carcinogenesis: modes of action, animal model systems, and methylated arsenic metabolites.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.,172(3),249-261.
  33. Lee, TC,Lee, KC,Tzeng, YJ,Hung, RY,Jan, KY(1986).Sodium arsenite potentates the clastogenicity and mutagenicity of DNA crosslinking agents.Environ Mutagen,8,19-128.
  34. Lee, TC,Tseng, SF,Chang, YC,Lin, KY,Jan, MR(1996).Post treatment with sodium arsenite during G2 enhance the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by S-dependent clastogens.Mutat Res,163,263-269.
  35. Liu, CS,Lin, CC,Li, TC(1999).The relation of white blood cell count and atherogenic index ratio of LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol in Taiwan school children.Acta Paediatr Taiwanica,40,319-324.
  36. Liu, J,Liu, YP,Goyer, RA,Achanzar, W,Waalkes, MP(2000).Metallothionein-I/II null mice are more sensitive than wild type to hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of chronic oral or injected inorganic arsenicals.Toxicol Sci.,55,460-467.
  37. Liu, SX,Athar, M,Lippai, I,Waldren, C,Hei, TK(2001).Induction of oxyradicals by arsenic: implication for mechanism of genotoxicity.Proc Natl Acad Sci.,98,1643-1648.
  38. Maisarah, AM,Nurul, AB,Asmah, R,Fauziah, O(2013).Antioxidant analysis of different parts of Carica papaya.Int Food Res J.,20(3),1043-1048.
  39. McDonald, S,Prenzier, PD,Autokiwich, M,Robards, K(2001).Phenolics content and antioxidant activity of olive oil extracts.Food Chem,73,73-84.
  40. Mehta, A,Flora, SJS(2001).Possible role of metal redistribution, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in chelating agents induced hepatic and renal metallothionein in rats.Food Chem Toxicol,39,1029-1038.
  41. Miltonprabu, S,Sumedha, NC(2013).Arsenic induced biochemical and genotoxic effects and its amelioration by diallyl trisulphide in rats.Inter J Adv Res,1(7),175-184.
  42. Minotti, G,Aust, SD(1987).An investigation the into the mechanism of citrate-Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation.Free Rad Biol Med.,3,379-387.
  43. Misra, HP,Fridovich, I(1972).The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase.J Biol Chem.,247,3170-3175.
  44. Mohammed, A,Adelaiye, AB,Bakari, AG,Mabrouk, MA(2009).Anti-diabetic and some hematological effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic Wisar rats.Int J Med Sci.,1,530-535.
  45. Mondal, S,Chakraborty, G,Gupta, M,Muzumdar, U(2006).In vitro antioxidant activity of Diospyros malabarica kostel bark.Indian J Exp Biol,44,39-44.
  46. Mountain, JT(1963).Detecting hypersusceptibility to toxic substances. An appraisal of simple blood test.Arch Environ Health,6,357-365.
  47. Muhammad, NO,Adeyina, AO,Peters, OM(2000).Nutritional evaluation of fungi treated cocoa bean shell.Niger J Pure Appl Sci,5,1059-1064.
  48. Muhammad, NO,Oloyede, OB(2009).Hematological parameters of broiler chicks fed Aspergillus Niger-fermented Terminalia catappa seed meal-based diet.Glob J Biotechnol Biochem,4,179-183.
  49. Nain, S,Smits, JEG(2012).Pathological, immunological and biochemical markers of subchronic arsenic toxicity in rats.Environ Toxicol.,27(4),244-254.
  50. NRC(1999).Arsenic in the Drinking Water.Washington, DC:National Research Council, National Academy Press.
  51. Ojo, OA,Ajiboye, BO,Ojo, AB,Oyinloye, BE,Imiere, OD,Adeyonu, O(2017).Ameliorative potential of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig bark against pancreatic -cell dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.J Compl Integr Med
  52. Ojo, OA,Ajiboye, BO,Oyinloye, BE,Ojo, AB(2014).Prophylactic effects of Ethanolic extract of Irvingia gabonensis stem bark against Cadmium-induced Toxicity in albino rats.Advances in Pharmaceutics,2014
  53. Ojo, OA,Ajiboye, BO,Oyinloye, BE,Ojo, AB(2014).Hematological properties of Irvingia gabonensis in male adult.J Pharma Sci Innov,3(5),434-436.
  54. Ojo, OA,Ajiboye, BO,Oyinloye, BE,Ojo, AB,Olarewaju, OI(2015).Protective Effect of Irvingia gabonensis stem bark extract on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in rats.Interdiscip Toxicol,7(4),208-214.
  55. Ojo, OA,Ojo, AB(2014).Effects of ethanolic extract of Alstonia boonei stem bark on hematological indices of Wister rat.Pharmacologyonline,4,136-140.
  56. Ojo, OA,Oloyede, OI,Olarewaju, OI,Ojo, AB,Ajiboye, BO,Onikanni, SA(2013).In-vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Ocimum gratissimum.Wr J Pharm Res,2(6),1899-1912.
  57. Ojo, OA,Oloyede, OI,Tugbobo, OS,Olarewaju, OI,Ojo, AB(2014).Antioxidant and inhibitory effect of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) on Fe2+ and sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro.Adv Biol Res,8(1),8-17.
  58. Ojo, OA,Oyinloye, BE,Ajiboye, BO,Ojo, AB,Akintayo, CO,Okezie, B(2014).Dichlorvos induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidney: protective effects of Alstonia boonei stem bark.Int J Pharmacogn,1(7),429-437.
  59. Okui, T,Fujiwara, Y(1986).Inhibition of human excision DNA repair by inorganic arsenic and the co-mutagenic effect of C79 Chinese hamster cells.Mutat Res,172,69-76.
  60. Oyinloye, BE,Ajiboye, BO,Ojo, OA,Nwozo, SO,Kappo, AP(2016).Cardioprotective and antioxidant influence of aqueous extracts from Sesamum indicum seeds on oxidative stress induced by cadmium in Wister rats.Pharmacogn Mag,12(46),S170-S174.
  61. Patlolla, AK,Todorov, TI,Tchounwou, PB,Voet, GV,Centeno, JA(2012).Arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects and distribution in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats.Microchem J.,105(1),101-107.
  62. Pourhmad, J,O'Brien, PJ,Jokar, F,Daraei, B(2003).Carcinogenic metal induced sites of reactive oxygen species formation in hepatocytes.Toxicol Vitro,17,803-810.
  63. Pradosh, R,Anupama, S.(2002).Metabolism and toxicity of arsenic: a human carcinogen.Curr Sci,82(1),38-45.
  64. Pulido, R,Bravo, L,Saura-Calixto, F.(2000).Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay.J Agric Food Chem,48,396-402.
  65. Puntel, RL,Nogueira, CW,Rocha, JBT(2005).Krebs cycle intermediates modulate Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Species (TBARS) production in rat brain in vitro.Neurochem Res,30,225-235.
  66. Raina, P,Chandrasekaran, CV,Deepak, M,Agarwal, A,Ruchika, KG(2015).Evaluation of subacute toxicity of methanolic/aqueous preparation of aerial parts of O. sanctum in Wistar rats: clinical, haematological, biochemical and histopatho-logical studies.J Ethnopharmacol,4(175),509-517.
  67. Randall, RP(2002).A Global Compendium of Weeds.Australia:R. G. and F. J. Richardson, Meredith Victoria.
  68. Ratnaike, RN(2003).Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity.Postgrad Med J.,79(933),391-396.
  69. Rowlands, GJ(1980).A review of variations in the concentrations of metabolites in the blood of beef and dairy cattle associated with physiology, nutrition and disease, with particular reference to the interpretation of metabolic profiles.World Rev Nutr Diet,35,172-235.
  70. Schalm, OW,Jain, NC,Carrol, EJ(1975).Veterinary Haematology.Philadelphia:Lea and Febiger.
  71. Sharma, A,Sharma, MK,Kumar, M(2009).Modulatory role of Emblica officinalis fruit extract against arsenic induced oxidative stress in swiss albino mice.Chemico-Biol Interact,180,20-30.
  72. Sinha, AK(1972).Colorimetric assay of catalase.Anal Biochem,47,389-394.
  73. Smith, AH,Hopenhayn-Rich, C,Bates, MN(1992).Cancer risks from arsenic in drinking water.Environ Health Perspect,97,259-267.
  74. Subash, PP,Gurumurthy, A,Sarasabharathi, KM(2010).Urinary 8-OHdG: a marker of oxidative stress to DNA and Total Antioxidant status in essential hypertension with south Indian population.Ind J Clin Biochem.,25(2),127.
  75. Tchounwou, PB,Wilson, BA,Ishaque, A,Schneider, J(2001).Atrazine potentiation of arsenic trioxide induced cytotoxicity and gene expression in human liver carcinoma cells.Mol Cell Biochem,222(1-2),49-59.
  76. Tseng, CH,Chang, CK,Tseng, CP,Hsueh, YM,Chiou, HY,Tseng, CC(2003).Long-term arsenic exposure and ischemic heart disease in arseniasis-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan.Toxicol Lett,137(1-2),15-21.
  77. Varshney, R,Kale, RK(1990).Effects of calmodulin antagonists on radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes.Int J Radiat Biol,58,733-743.
  78. Wang, L,Zhang, XT,Zhang, H,Yao, H,Zhang, H(2010).Effect of Vacinium bracteatum thumb. Leaves extract on blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.J Ethnopharmacol.,130,465-469.
  79. Yadav, RS,Sankhwar, ML,Shukla, RK(2009).Attenuation of arsenic neurotoxicity by curcumin in rats.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,240,367-376.
  80. Yakubu, MT,Akanji, MA,Oladiji, AT(2007).Haematological evaluation in male Albino Rats following chronic administration of aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem.Pharmacol Manag,3,34-38.
  81. Yamanaka, K,Hasegawa, A,Sawamura, R,Okada, S(1991).Cellular response to oxidative damage in lung induced by the administration of dimethylarsinic acid, a major metabolite of inorganic arsenics, in mice.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.,108,205-213.
  82. Zafar, M,Naqvi, SN(2010).Altered liver morphology and enzyme in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Int J Morphol,27,719-725.
print cancel