Psycho-physio-biochemical modulations brought by Integrated Amrita Meditation (IAM®) relieved stress and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects

10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.005

K.S. Sarika；Vandana Balakrishnan；Harish Kumar；K.R. Sundaram

Diabetes ； Stress ； Glycemic control ； Yoga ； Meditation ； IAM®

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

12卷3期（2022 / 05 / 01）

235 - 242

英文

Background and objectives: In type 2 diabetic subjects, psychological stress worsens glycemic regulation. This study put forward the various psychophysiological and biochemical benefits of the Integrated Amrita Meditation (IAM®) technique in type 2 diabetic subjects in achieving a better quality of life Methods: This was a clinical trial conducted in the Endocrinology department of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. 85 type 2 diabetic subjects between the age group of 30e65 years were recruited for the study. They were randomly allocated to IAM (n=43) and the control group (n=42). All the physiological, biochemical, and psychological variables were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months Results: Within the experimental group there was statistically significant reduction in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin and insulin resistance (p ＜ 0.05). The average percentage changes of these variables between the groups were also significant. HDL showed an increase within the IAM®group (p ＜ 0.001) while there was an increase in LDL and total cholesterol in the control group. Between the groups, the mean percentage changes in stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline were also significant. IgA (p=0.002) and GABA (p=0.007) significantly increased in the experimental group. Psychological stress assessed by perceived stress scale also showed a significant drop after the intervention in the test group and the change in perceived stress was again significant between the 2 groups comparison Conclusion: Along with the standard treatment regimens, diabetic patients can incorporate mind-body relaxation techniques as an effective adjunctive therapy.

1. eliasson1983 (1).pdf..
2. Yoga. Lipid profile - PubMed - NCBI. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
3. Angadi, P,Jagannathan, A,Thulasi, A,Kumar, V,Umamaheshwar, KRN(2017).Adherence to yoga and its resultant effects on blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a community-based follow-up study.Int J Yoga,10(1),29.
4. Bhavanani, AB,Sanjay, Z,Madanmohan(2011).Immediate effect of sukha pranayama on cardiovascular variables in patients of hypertension.Int J Yoga Therap,21,73-76.
5. Burtis, CA,Ashwood, ERBD(2012).Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics.Edinburgh:Elsevier.
6. Cai, H,Li, G,Zhang, P,Xu, D,Chen, L(2017).Effect of exercise on the quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Qual Life Res,26(3),515-530.
7. Care, M(2013).Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2013.Diabetes Care,36(suppl 1)
8. Chimkode, SM,Kumaran, SD,Kanhere, VV,Shivanna, R(2015).Effect of yoga on blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.J Clin Diagn Res,9(4),CC01-CC03.
9. Cohen S. Cohen Perceived Stress; 1983, 2 http://podcast.uctv.tv/webdocuments/COHEN-PERCEIVED-STRESS-Scale.pdf
10. Ganong, WF(2007).Review of Medical Physiology.Lange.
11. Innes, KE,Bourguignon, C,Taylor, AG(2005).Risk indices associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and possible protection with yoga: a systematic review.J Am Board Fam Pract,18(6),491-519.
12. Innes, KE,Vincent, HK(2007).The influence of yoga-based programs on risk profiles in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Evid base Compl Alternative Med,4(4),469-486.
13. Kawakami, N,Araki, S,Takatsuka, N,Shimizu, H,Ishibashi, H(1999).Overtime, psychosocial working conditions, and occurrence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Japanese men.J Epidemiol Community Health,53(6),359-363.
14. Knol, MJ,Twisk, JWR,Beekman, ATF,Heine, RJ,Snoek, FJ,Pouwer, F(2006).Depression as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A meta-analysis.Diabetologia,49(5),837-845.
15. MacLean, CRK,Walton, KG,Wenneberg, SR(1997).Effects of the transcendental meditation program on adaptive mechanisms: changes in hormone levels and responses to stress after 4 months of practice.Psychoneuroendocrinology,22(4),277-295.
16. Netam, R,Yadav, RK,Khadgawat, R,Sarvottam, K,Yadav, R(2015).Interleukin-6, vitamin D & diabetes risk-factors modified by a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese individuals.Indian J Med Res,141,775-782.
17. Newberg, AB,Iversen, J(2003).The neural basis of the complex mental task of meditation: neurotransmitter and neurochemical considerations.Med Hypotheses,61(2),282-291.
18. Pacák, K,Palkovits, M(2001).Stressor specificity of central neuroendocrine responses: implications for stress-related disorders.Endocr Rev,22(4),502-548.
19. Pouwer, F.,Kupper, N.,Adriaanse M.(2010).Does emotional stress cause type 2 diabetes mellitus?.Discov Med,9(45)
20. Proctor, W,Benson, H(2011).Revolution Relaxation. The Science and Genetics Of Mind Body Healing.
21. Sarika, KS,Balakrishnan, V,Sundaram, K,Kumar, H(2019).The effect of integrated amrita meditation (IAM) technique on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.Int J Phys.,7(3),218.
22. Skarfors, ET,Wegener, TA,Lithell, H,Selinus, I(1987).Physical training as treatment for Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in elderly men. A feasibility study over 2 years.Diabetologia,30(12),930-933.
23. Sun, GC,Lovejoy, JC,Gillham, S,Putiri, A,Sasagawa, MBR(2010).Effects of Qigong on glucose control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled pilot study.Diabetes Care,33(1),e8.
24. Vandana, B,Saraswathy, L,Suseeladevi, GK,Sundaram, KR,Kumar, H(2013).Positive impact of integrated amrita meditation technique on heart rate, respiratory rate and IgA on young healthy adults.Tang,3(2),13.1-13.6.
25. Vandana, B,Suseeladevi, GK,Kumar, H,Saraswathy, L,Sunadaram, K(2011).Meditation induces a positive response during stress events in young Indian adults.Int J Yoga,4(2),64.
26. Vandana, B,Vaidyanathan, K,Saraswathy, LA,Sundaram, KR,Kumar, H(2011).Impact of integrated amrita meditation technique on adrenaline and cortisol levels in healthy volunteers.Evid base Compl Alternative Med,2011
27. Vandana, B,Vaidyanathan, K,Saraswathy, LA,Sundaram, KR,Kumar, H(2011).Impact of Integrated Amrita Meditation Technique on Adrenaline and Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
28. Varghese, MP,Balakrishnan, R,Pailoor, S(2018).Association between a guided meditation practice, sleep and psychological well-being in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.J Compl Integr Med.,15(4),18-20.
29. Walton, KG,Fields, JZ,Levitsky, DK,Harris, DA,Pugh, NDSR(2004).Lowering cortisol and CVD risk in postmenopausal women: a pilot study using the transcendental meditation program.Ann NY Acad Sci.,1032,211-215.
30. Whiting, DR,Guariguata, L,Weil, C,Shaw, J(2011).IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030.Diabetes Res Clin Pract,94(3),311-321.
31. Wilson, T,Kelly, KL,Baker, SE(2017).Review: can yoga breathing exercises improve glycemic response and insulin sensitivity?.J Yoga Phys Ther