In vitro and In vivo antimalarial activities of Avicennia africana P. Beauv. (Avicenniaceae) ethanolic leaf extract

10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.11.004

Mustapha A. Ahmed；Elvis O. Ameyaw；Francis Ackah-Armah；Desmond O. Acheampong；Benjamin Amoani；Paulina Ampomah；Emmanuel A. Adakudugu；Christian K. Adokoh

Avicennia africana ； Malaria ； Plasmodium ； Phytochemicals ； Toxicity

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

12卷4期（2022 / 07 / 01）

391 - 401

英文

Background: The emergence of widespread drug-resistant strains of the malaria parasites militates against strives for more potent antimalarial drugs. Aim: The present study evaluated the antimalarial activity of A. africana ethanolic crude extract in vitro and in vivo against Plasmodium berghei -infected mice in anticipation of acquiring scientific evidence for it used by mangrove dwellers to treat malaria in Ghana. Methodology: The pulverized dried leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol (v/v) and screened for phytochemicals using standard protocols. The in vitro antimalarial activity was investigated against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7 clones), MRA-102, Lot:70032033, via SYBR® Green I fluorescent assay method using positive control Artesunate (50-1.56 × 10^(-3) μg/mL). In the in vivo studies, doses (200-1500 mg/kg) of AAE were used in the 4-day suppressive and curative tests, using P. berghei-infected mice. Artemether/lumefantrine (1.14 mg/kg) and normal saline were used as positive and negative control respectively. Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids and phytosterols. The extract showed an IC_(50) of 49.30 ± 4.40 μg/mL in vitro and demonstrated complete parasite clearance at dose 1500 mg/kg in vivo with a suppressive activity of 100% (p ＜ 0.0001) in the 4-day suppressive test. The extract demonstrated high curative activity (p ＜ 0.0001) at 1500 mg/kg with 100% parasite inhibition and the oral LD_(50) ＞ 5000 mg/kg in mice. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that A. africana crude extract has antimalarial activity both in vitro and in vivo supporting the traditional use of the plant to treat malaria.

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