新冠肺炎（COVID-19）疫情對社區獨居長者健康促進生活型態之影響

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Health Promotion Lifestyle of Elderly People Living Alone in the Community

10.29442/HPRP.202312_6(1_2).0001

吳虹儀(Hung-Yi Wu)；林藍萍(Lan-Ping Lin)；徐尚為(Shang-Wei Hsu)；林金定(Jin-Ding Lin)

新冠肺炎（COVID-19） ； 獨居長者 ； 生活型態 ； 健康促進 ； 老人 ； COVID-19 ； elderly living alone ； lifestyles ； health promotion ； elderly

健康促進研究與實務

6卷1&2期（2023 / 12 / 01）

1 - 9

繁體中文;英文

背景：健康的生活型態與生活品質息息相關，老年人健康的生活型態有利於身體活動、心理健康、提升認知能力和其社會功能，老年人的良好健康可以降低國家醫療與社會成本的支出，因此促進老人健康成為現代社會上最重視的議題。近年來獨居老人的相關議題廣泛的受到矚目，加上長照政策系統給予獨居老人許多生活上的協助，然而COVID-19疫情對獨居長者之影響為何？較缺乏相關研究探討。目的：主要目的乃探討COVID-19疫情對其健康生活型態的影響之情形。方法：本研究是以質性研究設計為取向，樣本選取以立意取樣方式進行，選取居住於新北市淡水區5個里12位社區獨居長者為本研究對象，並根據健康生活型態範疇的核心領域進行深入訪談，訪談大綱經由專家表面效度進行檢視與修正。結果：本研究對象包括12位65歲以上之獨居長者，其年齡由65至94歲，平均年齡為79.8歲，性別包含女性7位、男性5位，獨居年數從3-10年，平均獨居5.8年。研究結果顯示疫情對獨居長者主要的健康型態的影響議題區分，包括三項主題與6項次主題，包括：（一）對健康促進之影響：（1）身體衰退降低活動能力、（2）居住環境限制活動範圍。（二）對心理健康之影響：（3）病毒令人感到焦躁、恐慌、（4）接種疫苗增強身體保護力。（三）對社會參與之影響：（5）社區活動建立人與人的互動關係、（6）加強衛生安全調整防疫措施。結論：社區獨居老人健康生活型態受到新冠肺炎疫情而產生大幅改變，如何減少其影響與適當調適，特別針對較弱勢的獨居長者，提供適切的協助以回歸日常生活是衛生福利體系應該重視的議題。

Background: A healthy lifestyle is closely related to the quality of life. A healthy lifestyle for the elderly is conducive to physical activity, mental health, improved cognitive ability and social functioning, and good health for the elderly can reduce national medical and social costs. In recent years, the issue of elderly living alone has received a lot of attention, and the long-term care policy system has provided a lot of assistance to the elderly living alone. Aims: However, what is the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the elderly living alone? There is a lack of research on this issue. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on their healthy lifestyles. Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative research design, and the sample was selected by intentional sampling. Twelve elderly people living alone in 5 neighborhoods in Tamsui District, New Taipei City were selected as the subjects of this study, and in-depth interviews were conducted based on the core areas of healthy lifestyle. The in-depth interview outline reviewed and revised by experts for face validity. Results: The study participants consisted of 12 elderly people aged 65 years or older who were living alone, their age ranged from 65 to 94 years old, with an average age of 79.8 years. The results of the study revealed three themes and six subthemes for the impact of the epidemic on the major health living patterns of elderly living alone, including: 1. health promotion effects: (1) physical decline reduces mobility, (2) living environment limits range of activities. 2. Effects on mental health: (3) Virus causes anxiety and panic, (4) Vaccination enhances physical protection. 3. Impact on social participation: (5) community activities to build human interaction, (6) strengthening health and safety to adjust epidemic prevention measures. Conclusion: The health and lifestyle of the elderly living alone in the community has been drastically altered by the new pneumonia epidemic - COVID-19. How to reduce its impact and make appropriate adjustments, especially for the disadvantaged elderly living alone, to provide appropriate assistance to return to their daily lives is an issue that should be taken seriously by the health and welfare system.