指導老師領導風格、希望感對社團效能之影響－以四所大學運動性社團為例

Influence of Director's Leadership Style and Hope on Club' effectiveness for Sport Clubs in Four Universities

10.6909/JSO.202201_(10).0001

張同廟(Tung- Miao Chang)；劉維群(Wei-Chun Liu)；林株啟(Chu-Chi, Lin)

club' effectiveness ； director's leadership style ； hope ； sport club students

學生社團學刊

10期（2022 / 01 / 01）

1 - 26

繁體中文

本研究主要目的在探討指導老師領導風格對社團效能之影響，並以希望感為中介變項。本研究對象為南部四所公私立大學運動性社團，採問卷調查法進行資料收集，問卷共回收342份，有樣本為335份。回收的有效樣本資料採描述性統計、相關分析與結構方程模式等統計方法進行分析。由實證結果發現運動性社團：1.指導老師領導風格對社團成員希望感有顯著正向影響；2.社團成員希望感對社團效能具有顯著正向影響；3.社團指導老師領導風格對社團效能具有顯著正向影響；4.希望感對領導風格對社團效能有顯著部分中介效果。根據分析結果，本研究提出相關的研究建議供運動性社團相關人員與後續研究者參考。

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between director's leadership style and clubor's hope on club' effectiveness. The main subjects are sport clubs students from 4 techology universities in Southern Taiwan. The research method adopted questionnaire survey method. 335 samples were validated out of 342. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis as well as SEM analysis to implement the data and verify assumptions. The results of this study showed that (1) there was a significant positive affect of director's leadership style on club' effectiveness; (2) there was a significant positive affect of director's leadership style on hope; (3) there was a significant positive affect of hope on club' effectiveness;(4) finally, there was a significant mediating effect of hope between director's leadership style on club' effectiveness. This paper based on the findings, we provided several recommendations for future research as a reference.

1. 王元聖,邱炳坤,王俊傑(2014)。跆拳道選手心理資本與教練領導行為對滿意度之影響。運動教練科學，33，51-65。
   連結：
2. 江捷如,杜淑芬,樊愛群(2016)。以正向心理學之觀點探討大學生希望感、問題解決及生涯發展之關係。台中教育大學學報：人文藝術類，30(2)，17-40。
   連結：
3. 李政龍,張維志,許吉越,侯碧燕(2017)。角力選手心理資本對運動表現之影響研究。運動與遊憩研究，12(1)，106-115。
   連結：
4. 李炯煌(2002)。教練領導行為與教練-選手關係滿意度之相關研究。大專體育學刊，4(2)，67-77。
   連結：
5. 胡昌亞,鄭瑩妮(2014)。不當督導研究回顧與前瞻。中華心理學刊，56(2)，191-214。
   連結：
6. 倪福德,曾敏豪,陳文銓,張家銘(2015)。大學羽球選手心理資本與運動成就之研究。運動休閒管理學報，12(2)，29-45。
   連結：
7. 張同廟(2014)。大學社團學生對課指組輔導老師領導風格與工作表現之關係探討。學生社團學刊，2，51-70。
   連結：
8. 張雪梅(2015)。大三學生學校社團參與經驗及參與效益之研究。學生事務，53(4)，25-45。
   連結：
9. 張霖家,林文忠,王中興(2010)。高中籃球代表隊員目標取向、教練領導行為及成績表現之研究。育達科大學報，24，150-158。
   連結：
10. 陳建瑋(2018)。運動心理資本量表之修訂以及對大學網球選手之應用。臺灣運動心理學報，18(1)，21-42。
    連結：
11. 陳建瑋,季力康(2015)。希望理論在運動心理學之應用。臺灣運動心理學報，15(1)，75-94。
    連結：
12. 陳建瑋,季力康(2012)。希望感、自信心與目標取向對大學生體育表現之預測。大專體育學刊，14(1)，73-81。
    連結：
13. 陳建瑋,季力康(2014)。運動希望感量表之修訂及因素結構檢驗。體育學報，47(2)，221-232。
    連結：
14. 陳建瑋,彭譯箴(2017)。希望與心理韌性在網球運動之應用。運動教練科學，46，91-102。
    連結：
15. 陳龍弘,張文馨,張硯評(2015)。正向心理學與運動心理學的相逢。體育學報，48(2)，123-138。
    連結：
16. 黃國恩(2010)。柔道選手知覺教練效能、團隊承諾及專業承諾之關係。體育學報，43(2)，55-69。
    連結：
17. 劉振華,林瑞瑜,余春盛,洪堂魁,林澤民(2007)。探討心理技能訓練對運動員心理堅韌性與季能表現之影響。文化體育學刊，5，59-66。
    連結：
18. 樊景立,鄭伯壎(2000)。華人組織的家長式領導：一項文化觀點的分析。本土心理學研究，13，126-180。
    連結：
19. 賴英娟,巫博瀚(2013)。臺灣國中生「中文版希望感量表」之編製。測驗學刊，60(3)，429-455。
    連結：
20. Allen, W. E.(2018).Leadership theory: A different conceptual approach.Journal of Leadership Education,17(2),149-161.
21. Avolio, B. J.,Bass, B. M.(2004).Manual of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: Manual and sampler set.Menlo Park, CA:Mind Garden.
22. Baron, R. M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,51,1173-1182.
23. Bass, B. M.(2010).The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications.New York, NY:Simon & Schuster.
24. Bass, B. M.(1985).Leadership and performance beyond expectations.New York:Free Press.
25. Bass, B. M.,Avolio, B. J.(1994).Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.
26. Bennis, W. G.,Nanus, B.(2007).Leaders: The strategies for taking charge.New York, NY:HarperCollins.
27. Bryman, A.(1992).Charisma and leadership in organizations.London:Sage.
28. Burns, J. M.(1978).Leadership.New York:Harper & Row.
29. Bush, T.(2011).Theories of educational leadership & management.Thousand Oaks, California:SAGE.
30. Collier, D.,Rosch, D.(2016).Effects associated with leadership program participation in international students compared to domestic students.Journal of Leadership Education,15(4),33-49.
31. Curry, L. A.,Snyder, C. R.(2000).Hope takes the field: Mind Matters in athletic performances.Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, & applications,San Diego, CA:
32. Delas, Y.,Lafreničre, M. A. K.,Fenouillet, F.,Paquet, Y.,Martin-Krumm, C.(2017).Hope, perceived ability, and achievement in physical education classes and sports.Journal of Physical Education and Sport,17(1),198-206.
33. Feldman, D. B.,Snyder, C. R.(2005).Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal-directed thinking and life meaning.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,24,401-421.
34. Forsyth, D. R.(2014).Groups in exercise and sports contexts: A forward.Group dynamics in exercise and sport psychology,New York:
35. Fredricks, J. S.(2012).Extracurricular participation and academic outcomes: Testing the over-scheduling hypothesis.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,41(3),295-306.
36. Ignacio, R. A., III,Montecalbo-Ignacio, R. C.,Cardenas, R. C.(2017).The relationship between perceived coach leadership behaviors and athletes satisfaction.International Journal of Sports Science,7(5),196-202.
37. Ismail, E.,Razak, M. R. A.,Bakar, A. Y. A.,Mahmood, H. N.(2020).The Leadership style among football coaches in Iraqi’s public universities.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,10(8),153-161.
38. Khasanzyanova, A.(2017).How volunteering helps students to develop soft skills.International Review of Education,63(3),363-379.
39. Kline, R. B.(2011).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York, NY:Guilford.
40. Kuh, G. D.(2009).What student affairs professionals need to know about student engagement.Journal of College Student Development,50(6),683-706.
41. Lopez, S.,Pedrotti, J.,Snyder, C.(2015).Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths.Thousand Oaks, Calif.:SAGE Publications.
42. Mackinnon, D. P.(2008).Introduction to statistical mediation analysis.Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
43. Martinez, A.,Coker, C.,McMahon, S. D.,Cohen, J.,Thapa, A.(2016).Involvement in extracurricular activities: Identifying differences in perceptions of school climate.The Educational and Developmental Psychologist,33(1),70-84.
44. Northouse, P. G.(2016).Leadership: Theory and practice.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publishing.
45. Patterson, B.(2012).Influences of student organizational leadership experiences in college students leadership behaviors.E Journal of Organizational Learning & Leadership,10(1),1-12.
46. Rand, K. L.,Touza, K. K.(2018).Hope Theory.Handbook of positive psychology,New York:
47. Rego, A.,Sousa, F.,Marques, C.,e Cunha, M. P.(2014).Hope and positive affect mediating the authentic leadership and creativity relationship.Journal of Business research,67(2),200-210.
48. Robbins, S. P.(2005).Organizational Behaviorr: Concepts, controversies, applications.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Prentice- Hall.
49. Robbins, S. P.,Judge, T. A.(2019).Organizational behavior.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
50. Ryska, T. A.(2002).Leadership Styles and Occupational Stress among College Athletic Directors: The Moderating Effect of Program Goals.Journal of Psychology,136(2),195-214.
51. Schumacher, A.,Dimech, A.,Seiler, R.(2011).Extra-curricular sport participation: A potential buff er against social anxiety symptoms in primary school children.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,12(4),347-354.
52. Snyder, C. R.(2005).Teaching: The lessons of hope.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,24(1),72-84.
53. Snyder, C. R.(2002).Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind.Psychological Inquiry,13(4),249-275.
54. Snyder, C. R.,Irving, L.,Anderson, J. R.(1991).Hope and health: Measuring the will and the ways.Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective,Elmsford, NY:
55. Snyder, C. R.,Lopez, S. J.,Pedrotti, J. T.(2011).Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths.Thousand Oaks, Calif.:SAGE.
56. Snyder, C. R.,Rand, K. L.,Sigmon, D. R.(2002).Hope theory.Handbook of positive psychology,Oxford:
57. Sternberg, R. J.(1997).Thinking styles.New York:Cambridge University Press.
58. Thompson, L. J.,Clark, G.,Walker, M.,Whyatt, J. D.(2013).‘It’s just like an extra string to your bow’: Exploring higher education students’ perceptions and experiences of extracurricular activity and employability.Active Learning in Higher Education,14(2),135-147.
59. Westre, K. R.,Weiss, M. R.(1991).The relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and group cohesion in high school football team.The Sport Psychology,5,41-54.
60. White, R.K.,Lippitt, R.(1960).Autocracy and democracy: An experimental inquiry.New York:Harper.
61. Yahaya, R.,Ebrahim, F.(2015).Leadership styles and organizational commitment: Literature review.Journal f Management Development,35(2),190-216.
62. Yukl, G. A.(2018).Leadership in Organization.Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall.
63. 余雅萱,賴姍姍(2019)。沙灘排球教練領導行為對球員行為的影響。嶺東體育暨休閒學刊，17，9-20。
64. 李明昭(2003)。彰化市，國立彰化師範大學。
65. 李菁菁(2014)。臺南市，國立臺南大學。
66. 李新民(2007).幼兒園主管的利社會領導與幼兒教師希望信念、幸福感、組織公民行為之相關研究.高雄市:復文.
67. 林盈峰(2013)。臺中市，朝陽科技大學。
68. 林美玲(2017)。高中競技啦啦隊選手心理資本、幸福感及運動表現之研究。體育學報，62，121-138。
69. 唐淑華(2010).從希望感模式論學業挫折之調適與因應－正向心理學提供的「第三種選擇」.臺北市:心理出版社.
70. 秦夢群(2017).教育領導理論與應用.臺北市:五南.
71. 馬家祥(2013)。臺中市，朝陽科技大學。
72. 張彥輝(2003)。營造一個學習型的社團—大專青年學子應當參與社團。學生事務，42(1)，73-76。
73. 張慶勳(2003)。國小校長領導風格與行為之研究。屏東師院學報，20，1-38。
74. 許吉越,吳政道,王明月,李坤哲(2018)。大專桌球選手正向情緒、心理資本與運動表現之研究。休閒事業研究，16(2)，45-57。
75. 陳浩裕(2016)。彰化市，彰化師範大學。
76. 黃淑玲(2016)。目標取向於教練領導行為與運動表現關係間之中介效果分析~ 以大學排球運動選手為例。華醫學報，44，106-126。
77. 蔡瑞芳(2014)。台中市，國立臺灣運動大學。