用於空調系統的電力除濕技術

呂錫民

空氣除濕 ； 電力驅動 ； 電滲 ； 電滲析 ； 基於PEM的電解 ； 性能

冷凍空調&能源科技

135期（2022 / 09 / 10）

79 - 87

繁體中文

濕度控制對於人類居住環境和工業生產至關重要。為了克服空調系統中常規冷卻冷凝的缺點，幾年來已經開發了獨立的除濕技術，例如熱驅動除濕技術（Thermally Driven Dehumidification, TDD）。然而，TDD系統仍然具有液滴殘留、裝置尺寸大、系統結構複雜、柔韌性差等缺點。作為一種新的且有希望的替代方案，自2000年代以來，已開發了電力除濕（Electrically Driven Dehumidification, EDD）。與TDD不同，EDD使用電場直接從空氣或除濕劑中除去水分，這不需要實際TDD系統中必需的低成本熱能，從而使得系統更加靈活。由再生能源產生的直流電可直接用於EDD系統。此外，由於沒有旋轉輪或加熱設備，因此EDD組件比傳統組件更為緊湊、安靜且更易於操作。EDD系統在有限空間和高要求的濕度控制方面具有更多優勢，例如，前瞻性、精密製造、航空航太設備、貴重物品存儲等。它還可以為分散式能源網路的發展做出貢獻。本文綜述了EDD的研究進展，包括近年來文獻中提出的四種方法：電滲（Electro-osmosis, EO）固體除濕劑除濕、電滲析（Electrodialysis, ED）液體除濕劑除濕、基於聚合物電解質膜（Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, PEM）電解除濕、高壓放電除濕。並對它們的工作原理、運行性能和優化方法進行了總結和比較。還引入了混合或多功能EDD系統，例如與光電模組協作或在除濕過程中聯合生產鹵素／氫氣，從而使該系統更具有成本效益。最後，對EDD和其他除濕技術之間的（Coefficient of Performance, COP）、電源形式、系統複雜性、空氣品質、空氣濕度和工作溫度進行比較。並對EDD的研究差距和發展前景實施探討。

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