题名

流域景觀格局變化與水沙的回應關係

并列篇名

The Relationship Between Watershed Landscape Pattern Change and Streamflow and Sedimentation

DOI

10.6937/TWC.201906_67(2).0003

作者

時鵬(PENG SHI);楊殊桐(SHU-TONG YANG);鐘少華(SHAO-HUA ZHONG);肖列(LIE XIAO);李鵬(PENG LI);李占斌(ZHAN-BIN LI)

关键词

土地利用 ; 景觀格局指數 ; 徑流量 ; 輸沙量 ; Land use ; Landscape pattern index ; Streamflow ; Sediment

期刊名称

台灣水利

卷期/出版年月

67卷2期(2019 / 06 / 01)

页次

21 - 29

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

黃土高原大規模的退耕還林工程實施顯著改變土地利用/土地覆被特徵,並對區域景觀格局產生深刻影響。景觀格局的空間分佈的變化顯著改變了水沙過程。本研究選擇大理河流域作為研究區,基於長時間系列的土地利用和水沙資料,分析了流域景觀格局和水沙的變化特徵,建立景觀格局指數與徑流輸沙的耦合關係。研究結果表明:流域耕地和草地呈現下降趨勢,主要轉化為林地,林地面積增加明顯,建設用地也持續增加。下墊面的變化顯著影響到流域景觀格局的空間分佈,流域斑塊數量(NP)、斑塊密度(PD)和景觀多樣性(SHDI)顯著增加,景觀分割度(DIVISION)逐年增加,最大斑塊指數(LPI)和景觀形狀指數(LSI)總體表現出先下降後上升的變化規律,蔓延度指數(CONTAG)和結合度指數(COHESION)先增加再下降。大理河流域徑流量和水沙量表現出下降趨勢,2010年流域年徑流量比1960年減少了29.76%,年輸沙量減少84.87%。NP、PD、COHESION、DIVISION和SHDI與水沙具有明顯的負相關關係,CONTAG與徑流輸沙正相關。景觀格局的變化對徑流和泥沙輸移影響顯著,在水土保持治理過程中,要提高景觀的異質性,減少侵蝕斑塊的集中連片分佈,通過合理的佈設流域景觀空間配置,可以有效減少流域水沙輸移。

英文摘要

The Grain for Green project implemented in the Loess Plateau was one of the largest ecological constructions in China. The project changed the regional land uses and land cover, and has the significant effect on landscape patterns. The spatial changes of landscape pattern would change runoff and sediment processes. In this study, we selected Dali River as the research area. The changes of landscape patterns and ecological process of streamflow and sedimentation were analyzed. Moreover, the relationships between landscape indexes and streamflow and sedimentation were discussed. The results showed that the areas of cropland and grassland decreased from 1980 to 2010 and it was mainly changed to forest land. The area of forest land increased significantly, and building lands showed a continuous increase. The land use and land cover changes had significant effects on landscape patterns. The landscape metrics showed that NP, PD, SHDI and DIVISION increased in the recent 30 years. However, LPI and LSI showed decreasing trends in the first few years and then increased. CONTAG and COHESION had the reverse trends compared to that of LPI and LSI. The streamflow and sedimentation of the catchment decreased in the last 50 years. Streamflow in 2010 decreased by 29.76% compared to 1960 and sedimentation reduced by 84.87%. NP, PD, COHESION, DIVISION and SHDI had negative correlations with both streamflow and sedimentation. CONTAG was positively correlated with streamflow and sedimentation. To optimize spatial landscape pattern and reduce flow and sediment transportation, it is important to increase landscape heterogeneity and decrease concentrated distribution of eroded patch when carry out soil and water conservation.

主题分类 工程學 > 水利工程
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